#FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor

#FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor #FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor â€Å"For a first-time author the process can be quite illuminating. For the author to have given you their work, and for you to have made alterations and made sure that they’re happy about it, you’re the second-closest person to their project. It can be quite great – especially if you know you’ve done a good job and that the client is happy.† Ellie Clarke is an editor based in the south-east UK. Ellie is something of a polymath, offering services for every step in the process, from ghostwriting through to proofreading. You can  enjoy our conversation below. – What kind of services do you offer as an editor? I do a wide range of editing and editorial work. I do everything from development editing all the way down to proofreading – light copy edits, heavy copy-edits, structural edits. I also ghostwrite, doing things from the other side.   Basically, all the things. I used to work in-house as a project editor. I had to manage everything from end-to-end. That meant organising other people to do the different stages, and sometimes doing it myself. I’ve carried on with that approach – to be able to put myself forward for any type of editing. Once you’ve got the skills it’s important to keep practicing them. Do you often do multiple types of edit for a single client? Like a developmental edit, and then a copy edit as well? For larger clients, publishers and so on, I might do a variety of different types of editorial work on different projects. So for one I’ll be structurally editing, another will be a copy-edit, and another will be a proofread. Private clients sometimes ask for a combined service, and I’m happy to offer it, but usually I would recommend that if someone wants, say, a copy-edit and a proofread, I often think its better to go to someone else for the proofread. A fresh pair of eyes can really help.   Then again, it depends on the project – if someone has specific knowledge that they’ll need in order to do the proof properly, getting the original copy-editor to proofread it is a good idea. Having a fresh pair of eyes is good, but then also familiarity with a project has its own benefits. What do you think those benefits are, in your experience? One of the main ones would be if a new copy-editor comes in after a development edit has happened, they might reverse some stylistic choices previously made – especially if there isn’t a good style sheet for the project. It could be any decision, even down to using double or single quotation marks. That sort of thing can end up being lost unless it’s been written down – but you also can’t write down every single decision – otherwise you’d end up with the Guardian style guide. Does the relationship between the author and the editor change over the course of a project? For a first-time author the process can be quite illuminating. For the author to have given you their work, and for you to have made alterations and made sure that they’re happy about it, you’re the second-closest person to their project. It can be quite great – especially if you know you’ve done a good job and that the client is happy. It can be difficult as well. Sometimes people think of an edit as a friend looking through your book and looking for typos. It’s important to be diplomatic and understand that the project is their baby. The dynamic changes over time. At first people can be defensive. As they realise that you have their project’s best interests at heart it gets a lot easier. This is especially true when you’re working directly with an author – it’s very different to when you’re working through a publishing house or a project management company. Is there a difference between working directly with a publishing house verses working with the author directly? Certainly. It can be beneficial, especially if you’re thinking about self-publishing, in that the author retains a lot more creative control. The benefit of having direct contact with your editor is that you can feed, as we were saying, information about creative elements that you want a certain way directly to the editor. Otherwise that can sometimes get lost in translation. How does thinking about the reader affect how you work, how you set objectives for when you’re editing a piece? I think personally I’m working for the reader. I want the reader to get a book that works for them, that they enjoy, and that is high quality. When you’re editing, what are you looking at? The flow of the prose, the expression of the idea? It depends on the subject matter. For fiction editing, you’re certainly looking at the flow of the story, you’re looking at character development, at whether the text is too long or too short. Line editing and copy-editing is more practical – grammar, typos, for example. When in the writing process should an author approach an editor? You should definitely have a draft ready. Contacting someone when you’ve got a few chapters and a synopsis can be a good idea, and people out there are happy to look at what you’ve got so far to let you know if they think it’ll be worthwhile. In terms of actually getting into the nitty-gritty of the editorial process, you should have a draft and you should have reread that draft yourself.   Some people, quite a lot of people, recommend that before you’re ready to have someone else look at your manuscript you should have gone over somewhere between three and ten times. I would say be as happy as you can be with the manuscript before you send it to an editor. The better shape the manuscript is in, the less editing it will tend to need, which makes it a faster process and a cheaper process – obviously good if you’re an indie author. What makes a project great to work on? Having a shared interest definitely helps. For authors it’s important to find an editor who’s interested in what you’re writing. If you’ve written a sci-fi novel and you approach someone who generally edits gardening textbooks they’re probably not the best person. Maybe they are! Maybe they also have a secret interest in sci-fi! It’s good when an author is ready for the process. Some people sometimes think they’re ready, but still find it quite difficult. When you’re being edited the fact is that some of your text will be changed. Working with someone who’s easy-going and open to talking about change is good. It’s about being able to have those conversations and say â€Å"I would recommend this, what do you think?† The author can say â€Å"Yes, I agree,† or â€Å"No, I don’t agree, and this is why.† Being able to have that flow of ideas with someone really helps It’s also good to be clear about the expectations you have from each other. The author should know what you need from them – in terms of the manuscript, in terms of how much time you need. As the editor, you should know what the author needs – how heavily they want the text edited, how long they have, if they have a specific deadline, if there are certain things they don’t want to change. Do you dialogue with authors as well as marking up the text? In developmental editing there’s often more dialogue – you might come across something where you need to know what the author wants to do before you can really proceed. That can come up in other forms of editing as well. I’ve known people who prefer to be presented with the edit and just go through the comments, and I’ve also known people who want to be consulted at every stage. It’s usually better if the author’s prepared to not have every change discussed – that can take a very long time, which isn’t useful for them. Is there anything about working with a publisher that’s impossible to match working freelance? I don’t know that you’d match it exactly – it would still be a different experience. Unless you hire a project manager as well, which you can do, you end up being the project manager for your own book†¦ which can be quite stressful. But in terms of the book doing well, in terms of getting a good quality of finished project, I think you probably can match it.   As long as you’re willing to take the time with it and understand that you probably do need at least an edit and a proofread – generally one stage isn’t enough to get it as a finished product – then I think you can end up with a very good end product. Obviously, some people do very well indeed from publishing on Amazon, for example. Whether it will be different to a traditionally published book depends on what you as the author are happy to do with the book, and how many stages you’re happy to go through. Thank you for your time Ellie.

Old Hamlet and Claudius Essays

Old Hamlet and Claudius Essays Old Hamlet and Claudius Paper Old Hamlet and Claudius Paper Claudius, Old Hamlet and Polonius are all fathers and the way in which each is presented by Shakespeare is quite different. On the surface, the play is a revenge tragedy in which a grieving son seeks to avenge the death of his murdered father. However I think it has been very cleverly crafted by Shakespeare around a bleak theme of appearance versus reality that explores the corrupt, sinister region of the human nature that is present beneath the surface of us all. Shakespeares portrayal of many of the characters in the play and in particular of fathers is as both malevolent and egotistical. Claudius hypocrisy masquerades as fatherly love and concern; Polonius obsequiousness and search for position masquerades as service to the King, using his daughter as a pawn in the process; Old Hamlets torment and manipulation of Hamlets emotions is passed off as regaining his honour. On the surface fathers are presented by Shakespeare as having to be loved, honoured and obeyed almost without question. However the effect this has on their children is quite catastrophic leading to resentment, repression, bitterness, madness and eventually death. I will examine the way each of these characters is presented with close reference to Act 1 Scene II (Claudius), Act 1 Scene V (Old Hamlet) and Act 1 Sc. III (Polonius). Claudius, the newly crowned King of Denmark and uncle to Hamlet, assumes the role of Hamlets stepfather after marrying Gertrude following the death of old Hamlet. He takes on this role very early on in the play when he publicly announces his love for Hamlet in Act 1 Sc. II: And with no less nobility of love Than that which dearest father bears his son do I impart toward you. (I. ii. 10-12) Hamlet is very resentful toward Claudius because of his lack of mourning for the death of Old Hamlet and his hasty marriage to Gertrude A little more than kin and less than kind. This use of play on words in Hamlets first line of the play reveals his bitter frame of mind. Claudius is no longer a mere relative but his father and Hamlet is not kindly disposed toward him. Claudius on the other hand, seems more than willing to adopt the role as his new father. On the surface, he is presented as a loving father but hints of duplicity become apparent in later scenes. He is aware of Hamlets popularity and is perhaps trying to exert some control over him as well as win the favour of his people and wife. In the Lawrence Olivier filmed interpretation of the play it is only after Gertrude expresses concern for Hamlets well-being that a change in his attitude becomes apparent. At this stage of the play, the audience is unaware of Claudius devious and self-centred nature and so it is difficult to establish if he is sincere in his affection toward Hamlet. He is aware of Hamlets power to form a faction against the King because of his popularity and throughout the speech in which he talks to him, he must choose his words carefully so as not to provoke him further. He is also rather forceful in this speech and tries to persuade Hamlet not to leave for Germany, away from his prying eyes: And we beseech you, bend you to remain Here, in the cheer and comfort of our eye, Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son. (I. ii. 15-17) This is intended by Claudius to comfort Hamlet, encourage him to stay, and emphasise the point that he will be held with the greatest respect as a noble, cherished as a kinsman and loved as a son. However it could also be taken to have a very different, more sinister connotation; he would be able to constantly watch Hamlet for any treacherous behaviour. Shakespeares use of language in Claudius speech makes his words seem persuasive and cajoling, trying to make Hamlet come out of his mourning and turn to support his new father. He speaks smoothly using assonant sounds, Survivor bound in filial obligation and Throw to earth this unprevailing woe. Shakespeare uses imagery of thunder and a cannon, however, to reflect Claudius joy at Hamlets affirmative answer; these are not particularly joyous sounds of revelry which denotes he has some ulterior motive. Imagery of disease and decay used in Hamlets speech, An unweeded garden that goes to seed, helps to suggest he may have a sense of his step-fathers hypocrisy. Old Hamlet appears to Hamlet several times throughout the play, in spirit form. The audience do not actually see him in life and it is therefore difficult to judge what sort of a character he is as there is no real evidence he is not from hell The spirit I have seen may be the devil. Shakespeare presents Old Hamlet and Claudius differently and Hamlets actual father is portrayed in a much better light than his hypocritical step-father drawing a distinction between fathers and step-fathers. Hamlet draws several comparisons between Claudius and Old Hamlet. His first soliloquy is studded with imagery So excellent a King, that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. This is an interesting contrast; he sees Claudius as a satyr, a Greek mythological beast that loved to indulge in all kinds of sensual pleasures in comparison to his father who he describes as the Titan Hyperion, father of the sun, the moon and the dawn. He is as far from his brother as Hamlet is from Hercules My fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules ! Clearly Old Hamlet is presented in a far better light by Shakespeare and the audience feels more sympathetic towards him. It is easier to understand why Hamlet reacts to him as he does.

Using SAP in Electronic Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Using SAP in Electronic Government - Essay Example The study finds that immediate concerns are technical in nature, including weakness in the IT infrastructure, lack of knowledge, inadequacy in security and privacy of information, and lack of training of personnel. In the longer term, socio-cultural factors and a governance system that allows for e-Democracy are salient factors. For now, SAP assistance and programs promise to contribute much towards the technical and structural foundation of a robust e-government system. The impetus to develop e-government capability is a primary concern of all nations, particularly the member states of the United Nations, which has made it a priority initiative. Saudi Arabia is expected to play a pivotal role in e-government establishment in the Middle East region, not in small part due to the UN assessment that it is one of the more advanced Arab nations in information and communications technology (ICT). The business sector has long forged ahead in ICT applications, and further development of the nation necessitates the adoption of ICT in making the government more responsive and interactive with the citizenry and business sector. The challenges that tend to impede e-government development must be first addressed in order for efforts to be successful. The main purpose of this research consists of three axes. First, the definition of SAP and its characteristics. Second, identify the E-Government and know its components. Moreover, identify the challenges that facing e-government. Finally, the role of SAP in reducing these challenges and the development of e-government shall be discussed. The Systems Application Products (SAP) portfolio is a modular system, meaning that the software is packaged separately according to its various functions. The modular feature of this system allows it a great amount of versatility, making it suitable for application in small and medium scale enterprises, large-scale business corporations, and even

Answering the questions according to reading Essay

Answering the questions according to reading - Essay Example Gender, politics, and race intersect in producing repressive heteronormative gender relations. Lindsey Feitz and Joane Nagel explore the intersections of gender, war, and sexuality in â€Å"The Militarization of Gender and Sexuality in the Iraq War.† They assert that although the U.S. military employs more women in army operations nowadays, the same heteronormative relations are imposed on the latter. Feitz and Nagel add the complication of race, as sexuality and gender issues intersect. They talk about the example of the rescue of Private First Class Jessica Lynch, whose race and gender contrasted to those of her takers, where â€Å"American men [were] saving a pretty, young, white American woman from the possible sexual and personal assault by dark and dangerous Iraqis† (206). ... Gil Z. Hochberg presents heteronormativity that is more racial than sexual, although the causes and effects have gendered dimensions in â€Å"‘Check Me Out’: Queer encounters in Sharif Waked’s Chic Point: Fashion for Israeli Checkpoints.† Hochberg shows how checkpoints in West Bank and Gaza depict heteronormative exploitation. In his analysis, he asserts that checkpoints serve to â€Å"produce the Palestinian body both as a symbol of imminent danger (â€Å"the terrorist†) and as the object of complete subjugation lacking any political agency (â€Å"the occupied†)† (578). Because these checkpoints target both men and women, heteronormativity is depicted in a regional scale, wherein one male nationality controls and suppresses a different male and female nationality. Sex and gender become political arenas of power over those who are more powerless or those whom the dominant race wants to render powerless. The male gaze is an important ima ge of heteronormative sexuality production in several articles. How the heteronormative male sees women affects how they treat them. Feitz and Nagel indicate the role of gender in the male military gaze. Military personnel, for instance, continue to see military women in their stereotyped roles (Feitz and Nagel 204). Female soldiers continue to be embedded into the heteronormative aspirations of the military in specific and the American society in general. In â€Å"Securitizing Gender: Identity, Biometrics, and Transgender Bodies at the Airport,† Paisley Currah and Tara Mulqueen explore gender issues in the U.S. Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) gender and biometrics practices. They describe that by using biometrics and comparing its results that to gender information, TSA’s programs

Research process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research process - Essay Example Stage 2: Collection of secondary data: - The next step that is to be followed in this context of the study is collection of secondary data. In this aspect relevant secondary data can be used. For example data from other travel agencies regarding their special tour packages can be collected to serve the purpose. The secondary research must be carried to know the facts such as the tourist destination that will be able to provide accommodation to people with disability. The secondary research can be also about facilities needed for a disabled person. Stage 3: Once the secondary data is collected, the next step is to collect the primary data. In this perspective among qualitative and quantitative form of research, qualitative research must be used. It is because the target group is small in numbers and hence the required respondents will be also less. The sample will be 5-10 disabled people. The data will be collected through observation method as it is the best possible way. Through observation method the patterns and problems of the disables will be identified and accordingly the characteristics can be

The capital punishment

The capital punishment Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the lawful act of taking the life of a person who has been convicted of a crime. There has much debate over the years concerning capital punishment and its effectiveness as a crime deterrence, retribution, and the methods in which the executions are carried out. All the mentioned factors lead to the question of should the United States use capital punishment? According to Cheatwood the deterrence argument for capital punishmentclaims that the existence of thedeath penalty and the use of that penalty will deter violent crime within the political jurisdiction in which the law exist and is applied. If that is true, then in two fundamentally similar jurisdictions that differ only in the existence and use of capital punishment the level of violent crime in the jurisdiction that employs the death penalty should be lower than the level in the jurisdiction that does not (Cheatwood,1993,para.17). Cheatwood(1993) found that in consideration of the research conducted in 1976 it showed that neither the existence of capital punishment at state level, nor the enactment of provision as demonstrated by the number of executions in the state would have an effect on deterring crime at the county level. Some think that capital punishment is brutal, others believe that it is retribution for horrific crimes committed (Zimring, 2000). Many would agree with me that in the case of Angel Diaz a man who was convicted and sentenced to death was subjected to brutal and inhumane conditions, something went terribly wrong. The drugs administered left his arms badly burned; the medical examiner said that none of the medication administered went to the right place. Witnesses stated the deceased seemed to suffer during the process, according to testimony it took 34 minutes, which is 20 minutes longer than usually required for an execution. According to testimony 14 vials of material was used before Diaz was successfully executed (National Public Radio,2007). Jed Bush who was the Governor of Florida during this botched execution called the moratorium in that state on all prosecutions until they could get to the bottom of what was going wrong with the legal injection protocol(National Public Radio, 2007). During an interview on National Public Radio Dahlia Lithwick stated that 22 of the 40 states that allow the death penalty either have moratoria or theyre considering imposing moratoria. Two other states formally banned lethal injection, and one has found the death penalty unconstitutional (National Public Radio,2007). Some states admit that they believe in capital punishment but do not agree with the disastrous way it is administered (National Public Radio,2007). Some states think that if the accused has committed murder then he or she must die as retribution. They believe that life imprisonment does not serve as retribution for the loss of innocent life. Defenders of capital punishment also argue that it is a crime deterrent. I do not agree with capital punishment, but many agree that it is just retribution. How can we stand behind a law that commits the same act that it convicts? I do agree that society has an obligation to protect its citizens. Murderers and others who commit crimes that are detrimental to the safety and welfare of society should be reprimanded but lawfully killing another is committing murder. Some feel that the only way to guarantee that a convicted murderer will not kill again is by imposing the death penalty. This is true; the accused will not kill again because he or she is deceased. Most research has produced no findings that capital punishment is a crime deterrent. There is no evidence to support the claim that the death penalty is a more effective deterrent of violent crime than, say, life imprisonment. In fact, statistical studies that have compared the murder rates of jurisdictions with and without the death penalty have shown that the rate of murder is not related to whether the death penalty is in force: There are as many murders committed in jurisdictions with the death penalty as in those without. Unless it can be demonstrated that the death penalty, and the death penalty alone, does in fact deter crimes of murder, we are obligated to refrain from imposing it when other alternatives exist (Andre Velasquez,1988,). This is a debate that will go on for years to come. Capital punishment should be abolished because of botched executions and claims of racism. It also fair to say that those who cant afford to appeal their cases because of lack of funds are more likely sentenced to death than those who can afford a good legal defense. In some cases innocent people are sentenced to death. All life is of value whether or not it is taken illegal or legal it is unjust. References Cheatwood, D.(1993).Capital punishment and the deterrence of violent crime in comparable counties.Criminal Justice Review(Georgia State University), 18(2), 165-181. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=14243834site=ehost-live Zimring, E. F. (2000) Capital Punishment, Online Encyclopedia Retrieved from http://autocww.colorado.edu/~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/LawAndCourts/CapitalPunishment.html National Public Radio, Day to Day. (2007, February13). Florida mulls lethal-injection problems. Message posted to http://http:/www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=7382349 Andre, C., Velasquez, M.(1988).Capital punishment our duty or doom.Isssues in Ethics, 1(3), . Retrievedfromhttp://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n3/capital.html

Hamlets Immaturity in Shakespeares Hamlet :: essays research papers

Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing. Hamlet's Immaturity in Shakespeare's Hamlet :: essays research papers Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing.

American Life in 1920s and 1930s Essay

The NAACP was focusing on legislative strategies produced to encounter the demanding civil and legal liberties issues of the era. They signaled for federal anti-execution laws and organized a series of protests to state-funded isolation in public educational institutions. NAACP leaders pursued, one, to ensure that all whites acknowledge the demand for racial impartiality by publicizing it and via their magazine catastrophe. On the other hand, the communist party was substantial in the struggle for racial impartiality in the south of United States of America. The communist party also fought for the civil and legal rights via public clamor. Discuss the racial implications of change during the 1930s in American popular culture -including music, movies, literature, etc. The cultural products that most captivated fashionable audiences during the era of the Great Depression that occurred around the 1930s. The audiences were those that switched their attention from the anguish of the time especially popular literature, radio, and movies. The accessibility to radio programs changed a lot of American families and surroundings especially the families from the black community, as they begun to form their lives around radio programming. People together with their families assembled together to listen to popular programs. Also, friends assembled on the foot porches, backyards, and along the streets to listen to the shows. But, some social and political programs were transmitted. The most fashionable broadcasts offered the racial implicated-era community with dramatic and commonly jovial stories of escape and adventure. Still, ther e were fashionable soap operas, music concerts, The Academy Awards, sporting events, and current events. Because a lot of the shows were transmitted in front of live viewers, individuals filled the studio to watch these amazing performances. Movies, by the mid-1930s, African American gathered around theaters to see many entertainment opportunities that offered an escape from the actual phenomenon of the Depression. A lot of Hollywood-produced movies avoided wrangles during this era. They produced musical, â€Å"screwball†, comics, novel adaptations, fictional movies. Popular Culture, while the wrangles were massively missing from movie and radio productions, the controversial political and social voices of the Depression were usually found in the fashionable culture that emerged from the 1930s. A few authors examined the hardships of poverty that affected the African American who worked on the farms and the Dust Bowl migrants; they also exposed the evils of poverty throughout the country, condemned the excessiveness of capitalism, and disclosed the many pathways for civil injustice. Two of the most fashionable novels of the time, but, were romantic stories fixed different historical events, Anthony Adverse and Gon e with the Wind. The American audiences were attracted by the most popular culture from the Great Depression era that was designed by the public’s motive to departure from the psychological, economic, and social hardships that were connected to racial differences during the 1930s. Questions 1 and 5 at the end of chapter 19 What accounts for the movement of many African American from king’s â€Å"beloved community† ideal to â€Å"black power† slogan popularized by Stokely Carmichael and H.Rap Brown? The movement of a lot of African American from king’s â€Å"beloved community† ideal to â€Å"black power† slogan popularized by Stokely Carmichael and H.Rap Brown was proposed by the way in which the African American were handled by their white counterparts. He states that everyone has to be appreciative of his race. He argues that â€Å"You have got to be noble of being black. You cannot go around referring yourself colored and call yourself Negroes. That is the word the honkies gave it you. You are black, brother, and you should feel proud of your complexion, and it is very beautiful.† It was proposed by the election of a new chairperson for student’s peaceful manager. He was an old-time leader and guided the challenge campaign that propelled massive promotion from the black community. He was known for being a promoter of armed self-defense. He proposed the theme of racial nobleness and militancy that was similar to his forbearer. It was the narrative of the movement. To what extent was Jesse Jackson’s emergence as a nationally prominent political figure a reflection of broader trends in African American politics? It demonstrated that African American are achieving political power and displays the success of black people in getting their civil and legal rights. Therefore, it is not only to participate in elections but also to be involved in the process of governance. Questions 2 and 3 at the end of chapter 20 How did the transition from the activism of the 1960s to the conservatism of the Reagan Bush era to African American politicians During the two terms of office of Reagan Bush, solidified, grasped, and decided to personify the American shift to the political right wing. His substantial legacy as a leader of was that swing in the American political spectrum. The move created a â€Å"liberal† a form of democracy. What had been conservative transformed to being moderate such as the participation of African Americans in active politics and what was moderate was later promoted for the left wing. The drift was as profound and pronounced that African American vehemently embraced Bill Clinton regardless of his support programs, welfare policies, and criminal justice, in particular, that might have been referred to as reactionary and racist under the rule of Reagan Bush. Compare and contrast tactics used in the Free South Africa movement with the African American Freedom struggle In both movements, the individuals faced racial inequality. Blacks were recognized as disadvantaged while the white was considered as the advantaged. During the legal and civil liberties movements, Blacks were had limited liberties such as drinking water fountains as whites or found around public places conversing with the whites. They could also not attend the same school. In Comparison to the Anti-Apartheid social movements in South Africa, intermarriages between the white and Africans were prohibited and they were special schools for the whites. In both occasions, both freedom fighters were brutally assaulted, imprisoned, and some died as a result of being tortured. The two social movements had the same ideology of pursuing equal rights and justice for all despite their racial differences. They also shared the same tactics. The two social institutions advocated peaceful demonstrations, utilizing similar methods such as boycotts, media campaigns, and protests. Such approaches were managed within and by similar organizations such as the labor unions, universities, and churches. The civil liberties and the anti-Apartheid Movements had the same leadership style which had logical motives along with experienced protest organizers and corporate competence.

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay The goalkeeper is the most specialised position in football. A goalkeepers job is mainly defensive: to guard the teams goal from being breached (to not let the other team score). Goalkeeper is the only position defined in the Laws of the Game. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands and arms, however they are restricted to doing so only within their penalty area; for this reason, they must wear jerseys that distinguish them from other outfield players and the referee. If a goalkeeper is sent off or injured, and there is no substitute goalkeeper available, an outfield player must take the goalkeepers place and put on the appropriate identifying uniform. [3] The discipline of goalkeeping is so specialised that it is very rare in the professional game for a goalkeeper to play in any other position. One notable exception is Jorge Campos of Mexico, who played effectively as a striker when called upon. 4] A goalkeeper with good technical skill may opt to take his teams penalties and free kicks though this is rare as the goalkeeper would be caught out of position if possession is conceded immediately after the kick. Jose Luis Chilavert, formerly of Velez Sarsfield and Paraguay, and Rogerio Ceni of Sao Paulo and Brazil are well-known free-kick and penalty specialists with over 100 goals to their names. Hans-Jorg Butt is the goalkeeper to have scored in the most different competitions, having scored in all of Germanys top four divisions, the German cup and the UEFA Champions League. 5][6][7] Physical strength, height, jumping ability and judgement are valued qualities for goalkeepers to have in order to deal with aerial balls and agility, quick reactions and a good positional sense are all needed for shot stopping. [8][9] The standard football skills of ball control, tackling, passing and dribbling are not usually required in a goalkeeper, although the introduction of the back-pass rule in the early 1990s has necessitated improvement on such skills. [10]

Qué esperar cuando un migrante es detenido por la migra

Quà © esperar cuando un migrante es detenido por la migra En Estados Unidos, los migrantes indocumentados pueden ser detenidos por las autoridades migratorias. Adems, en casos especà ­ficos los migrantes que se encuentran legalmente en el paà ­s pueden tambià ©n ser detenidos e iniciarse contra ellos un proceso de deportacià ³n. Puntos clave: migrantes detenidos ICE puede detener a migrantes legales por felonà ­as y a los indocumentados por felonà ­as o violaciones migratorias. Estar ilegalmente en EE.UU. es una violacià ³n migratoria.ICE decide quià ©n espera detenido a que se resuelva su caso o cundo pide fianza, entrega un grillete o da libertad bajo palabra. Los migrantes pueden pedir una vista para fianza ante un juez.En la actualidad, los casos de deportacià ³n que se resuelven en corte migratoria se demoran una media de ocho aà ±os.Los tiempos varà ­an segà ºn la ubicacià ³n de la Corte.  ¿Cules son las causas por las que los migrantes pueden ser detenidos por Inmigracià ³n? Las causas de la detencià ³n dependen del estatus migratorio del migrante. Asà ­, los residentes permanentes legales solo pueden ser detenidos por las autoridades migratorias si comenten ciertas felonà ­as. Por otra parte, otros extranjeros con estatus legal en EE.UU. pueden tener problemas migratorios por cometer delitos o violaciones migratorias. Por à ºltimo, los migrantes indocumentados pueden ser detenidos por delitos o violaciones migratorias o, simplemente, por carecer de estatus migratorio legal en el paà ­s.  ¿Cundo puede detenerse a un migrante y quià ©n? Los migrantes pueden ser detenidos por ICE o por otra autoridad y puestos posteriormente a disposicià ³n de ICE. Por ejemplo, los indocumentados pueden ser detenidos al cruzar ilegalmente la frontera, al presentarse sin papeles en un puesto fronterizo y reclamar asilo, en una inspeccià ³n por ICE de lugares de trabajo, en retenes en carretera a menos de 100 millas de la frontera, en controles en las cortes migratorias, etc. Cabe destacar en este punto que ninguna autoridad puede ingresar en los hogares de un migrante si no tiene una orden de arresto emitida por un juez. Tambià ©n pueden ser detenidos si son arrestados por cualquier autoridad local o estatal por delitos y tambià ©n por faltas, como por ejemplo manejar bajo la influencia del alcohol. Despuà ©s de ese arresto, se le toman las huellas digitales y se comparan con bases de datos federales. En ese momento, Inmigracià ³n puede detectar si la persona arrestada tiene una orden de deportacià ³n pendiente, tiene un I-94 expirado o carece de rà ©cord migratorio, lo cual en el caso de ser extranjero podrà ­a indicar que ingresà ³ al paà ­s ilegalmente Cuando Inmigracià ³n detecta uno de estos casos puede decidir emitir un hold o detainer que significa que la autoridad local o estatal debe retener ese migrante por un plazo mximo de 48 horas y entregarlo a ICE, si ese es el interà ©s de esta agencia. Sin embargo, en las autoridades locales o estatales pueden decidir no cumplir con ese hold. Finalmente, los residentes permanentes legales pueden ser detenidos por ICE al acabar de cumplir una sentencia penal. Trmites inmediatos cuando ICE detiene a un migrante Una vez que un migrante est bajo custodia de ICE, como regla general, esto es lo que sucede: el agente a cargo del caso llena formularios burocrticos de carcter internose llena  un informe que es el equivalente al reporte del arrestose toma la foto del arrestadoy tambià ©n se le toman las huellas digitales A continuacià ³n se comprueban las fotos y las huellas contra dos bases de datos enormes: IAFIS, que es del FBI, e IDENT que es del Departamento de Seguridad  Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En aproximadamente en un par de horas se obtienen los resultados y asà ­ se sabe si la persona arrestada tiene un pasado criminal, de violaciones migratorias, si ha utilizado otro nombre, si est buscado por las autoridades, etc. Sin embargo, ICE no realiza dichos trmites cuando el migrante ya està © identificado. Por ejemplo, cuando est ya en la crcel o cuando se notifica a Inmigracià ³n de que ha sido arrestado o detenido y las autoridades migratorias emiten un detainer o hold. Decisiones de ICE: detenido o en libertad ICE toma dos decisiones que son fundamentales. Por un lado, decide cules son los cargos, es decir, de quà © se le acusa al inmigrante. Por otro lado, ICE decide si deja en libertad al migrante mientras se tramita su caso y si le pide una fianza o establece otro medio de control,  o, por el contrario, debe continuar detenido mientras no se resuelve su situacià ³n. Para decidir si se le deja en libertad o no se tienen en cuenta factores como: el riesgo que el arrestado puede ser para la sociedad. Asà ­, los criminales van a quedar detenidos.el riesgo de que el arrestado se escape o de que no se presente a una cita con las autoridades de inmigracià ³n. ICE suele dejar en libertad a los residentes permanentes legales que han sido detenidos por una accià ³n que no es un delito agravado. Tambià ©n quedan frecuentemente en libertad mientras se tramita su caso las embarazadas y mujeres o familias acompaà ±adas por nià ±os que acaban de cruzar ilegalmente la frontera. Asimismo, los cuidadores principales de una persona que no puede valerse por sà ­ mismas. Y, finalmente, los indocumentados que llevan tiempo viviendo en Estados Unidos pero no tienen rà ©cord criminal ni orden previa de deportacià ³n  y se considera que no son un riesgo de fuga. Por ejemplo, porque tienen hijos que son ciudadanos estadounidenses. El hecho de que frecuentemente esas categorà ­as de personas sean puestas en libertad no quiere decir que las autoridades migratorias està ©n obligadas a hacerlo. En la prctica, hay adems otras consideraciones, como por ejemplo, el nà ºmero de camas disponibles en un determinado momento en los centros de detencià ³n. Cabe destacar que los migrantes pueden ser enviados a centros alejados de su lugar de residencia o del punto por el que ingresaron ilegalmente al paà ­s. Si ICE pone en libertad al migrante mientras se resuelve caso Pueden darse los siguientes supuestos: OR: es decir, se le deja libre hasta que se resuelva el caso siendo suficiente la palabra del inmigrante de que no va a ignorar las citaciones de Inmigracià ³n.   Brazalete o grillete en el tobillo de vigilancia o lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como Alternative to Detention (ATD). En la prctica supone una situacià ³n de arresto domiciliario. Adems, son frecuentes las quejas por incomodidad o heridas que causan en el tobillo. Otras formas de control de que el migrante en libertad con caso pendiente no se desaparece son el uso de telà ©fonos que reconocen la voz o de aplicaciones que realizan reconocimientos faciales. Fianza migratoria: no puede ser inferior a los $1,500 pero puede ser muy superior a esa cantidad. Antes de dejar a una persona libre bajo fianza se mira y mucho si tiene historial criminal. Los extranjeros que no son residentes permanentes legales y que han cometido un delito considerado agravado no pueden beneficiarse de las fianzas. Si no se tiene el dinero para una fianza, es posible acudir a una empresa autorizada para este tipo de asuntos. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que las condiciones pueden ser duras. Frecuentemente exigen que el migrante lleve un grillete con GPS que comunica a la empresa en todo momento donde se encuentra. Los migrantes pueden verse forzados a firmar contratos largos en inglà ©s que no entienden y a pagar una cuota de inicio de contrato, el 20 por ciento del total de la fianza ms $420 al mes por el uso del grillete. Si ICE decide que el migrante debe seguir detenido Todos los migrantes pasan a estar bajo la custodio del ICE en su rama que se conoce como ERO (Office of Enforcement Removal Operations). ERO tiene  centros de detencià ³n repartidos por todo el territorio de los Estados Unidos, si bien la mayorà ­a est en los estados fronterizos con Mà ©xico. Los centros de detencià ³n pueden pertenecer al gobierno federal, a los estados o departamentos policiales locales e, incluso, a empresas privadas.   Los detenidos son distribuidos segà ºn el nà ºmero de espacio disponible en cada centro de detencià ³n  y tambià ©n teniendo en cuenta: si son menores que han llegado sin la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de un adulto y han sido arrestados tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera.se separa hombres de mujeres  y tambià ©n se intenta separar  a los que tienen un pasado criminal de los que no lo tienen La consecuencia de ello es que personas arrestadas, por ejemplo, cruzando ilegalmente en Texas, se las envà ­a a un centro de detencià ³n en Arizona (alejado, pero tambià ©n en la frontera sur) o se les embarca en un vuelo y se les envà ­a a un lugar tan lejano como puede ser Massachusetts. Si estn detenidos podrn realizar una llamada local gratuita a un familiar, abogado o ONG. A continuacià ³n deber pagar por todas las llamadas, para lo cual los familiares pueden enviarle dinero al centro de detencià ³n. En este punto, el migrante que permanece detenido puede solicitar a una vista ante un juez migratorio para que se establezca una fianza para quedar libre mientras se tramita el caso o para pedir una rebaja a la misma, si es que ya ha sido fijada. Cargos que se establecen contra el inmigrante Tanto si el migrante est detenido como si se le ha dejado en libertad, Inmigracià ³n inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n en su contra que puede ser notificado mediante uno de los dos documentos. Por un lado, una carta que se conoce como Notice of Appear (NTA). Se le puede dar al inmigrante en persona o enviarse  por correo. En la carta, adems de establecerse los cargos, se seà ±ala que debe presentarse en una corte de inmigracià ³n en fecha y hora estipulada.   Por otro, un Warrant of Arrest. Este es otro documento en el que se seà ±ala el tipo de acusacià ³n. Es muy comà ºn en los casos de indocumentados agarrados recià ©n ingresando ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Tanto los que estn en libertad como los detenidos se enfrentan a un proceso de remocià ³n, que puede tomar formas distintas. Por ejemplo, deportacià ³n, salida voluntaria, procedimiento de remocià ³n rpido, etc. Va a depender del tipo de cargo, de la forma de llegada al paà ­s y, en este à ºltimo caso, de si tiene mucho tiempo de presencia en Estados Unidos y est asentado y no tiene rà ©cord criminal. El migrante, por su parte, puede estar de acuerdo o intentar ganar el caso solicitando un alivio como puede ser el asilo, VAWA, cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n, etc. En todos los casos, es aconsejable contactar con un buen abogado de migracià ³n porque su intervencià ³n es importante a la hora de incrementar las oportunidades para ganar un caso. Segà ºn un estudio del American Immigration Council, solo un 2 por ciento de los migrantes sin abogado ganan los casos de deportacià ³n. Consejos para comunicarse con un detenido y para obtener la mejor defensa Si se sospecha que una persona extranjera ha sido detenida y est bajo la custodia de las autoridades de inmigracià ³n existe un procedimiento para intentar averiguar su paradero. Si encuentra que est efectivamente recluido en un centro de detencià ³n y est en Texas, se puede buscar informacià ³n sobre detenidos como por ejemplo sobre cà ³mo comunicarse por telà ©fono. Adems es extremadamente importante buscar un abogado migratorio.  Para los migrantes que llevan muchos aà ±os en Estados Unidos, verificar si estn con  proteccià ³n 245(i) para migrantes con peticiones muy antiguas a su favor. Si no se puede pagar, hacer el esfuerzo de encontrar uno que actà ºe pro bono (sin cobrar) o al menos consultar con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes reputada.   En el caso de migrantes mexicanos, desde prisià ³n se puede  marcar gratis al centro de la CIAM.  Entre otros servicios que brindan, el detenido puede solicitar que contacten con sus familiares en los Estados Unidos o Mà ©xico. Deportacià ³n desde los Estados Unidos Si se produce una deportacià ³n, es importante conocer cul  es el castigo, si la intencià ³n del migrante es regresar a Estados Unidos. En algunas ocasiones ser posible solicitar el perdà ³n I-212. Incluso es posible que sea necesario pedir conjuntamente otro perdà ³n ms. En este punto es fundamental estar bien asesorados, ya que hay muchas personas sin escrà ºpulos que asegurar poder arreglar el problema a cambio de una importante cantidad de dinero y al final resulta que todo es un fraude. En todo caso, lo que hay que evitar es ingresar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos despuà ©s de una deportacià ³n porque eso produce una situacià ³n de prohibicià ³n permanente.   Este artà ­culo tiene una finalidad meramente informativa. No es consejo legal.

Progress Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Progress Report - Essay Example In 2008 December, the technology was finalized and made available to the public in 2009. The Samsung SCH-r900 was the first phone to utilize the LTE technology. The information in the sources is very important because it shows how LTE technology has evolved. This is because the LTE technology proved successful in that it offers an uplink of about mbit/s and downlink peak rate of about 300 Mbit/s. The transmission latency is as less as 5ms in the radio access network. Additionally, the engineers of LTE technology looked towards creation of a technology that would provide much faster speeds based on simple network architecture. The engineers also wanted a technology with much lower transfer latency as compared to 3G architecture. This in turn would reduce packet latency, more responsive user experience The IP based system was not effective since it was not compatible with 2G and 3G networks but the LTE technology aimed to address such problems. The LTE technology would introduce flexible radio planning and high spectral efficiency. Verizon wireless firm was the first U.S firm to deploy the LTE technology. The LTE and 4G technologies offer speeds faster than 3G technology; they have ability to share more network resources. However, LTE technology is faster than 4G, which uses Wimax and HSPA+ technologies in data transfer. LTE technology work in an evolved mode in that a device such as Smartphone connects to a 3G station with increased or higher processing power which enables it to transmit and receive data to and from the device over different channels within a spectral band. It is clear that the innovators of the technology found it vital for a connection to be created between the evolved node and evolved packet core (EPC). The EPC processes and sends and receives the data to and from the devices Most people and businesses prefer using LTE technology because it offers a high speed browsing, cloud computing, and fast download of photos,

Destination Singapore scenario Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Destination Singapore scenario - Assignment Example Tourism is a labour intensive industry and expansions in this business will create immense potential for employment in the host country. Though Singapore is small in size, the country has been a hot favourite for tourists and shoppers from across the globe since a long time. The country currently ranks as the third richest nation in the world and though it does not have much in terms of natural resources, due to tourism and other businesses, Singapore has been able to fare quite well in the economic front in the past. However, in order to make the best use of the future prospects, the country has to harness its resources and align its capabilities for improvement and innovation in the travel and tourism industries so that it can sustain the steady economic growth. This paper develops a fictional tourism strategic policy for Singapore on the premise of a situation where the three nearby airports of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Bali are closed down due to natural disasters, which makes th e country the only gateway to other South East Asian countries. It will dwell on various policies that need to be implemented so that the country can optimise its potential as a tourist destination, to cater to the extra demand, over the next five years, in a sustainable manner. Innovations in Singapore Tourism: Strategic Policies and Planning Framework Introduction: Singapore is one of the top ranking economies in Asia Pacific region, with sophisticated infrastructures both in ground and air transport, which rank respectively â€Å"2nd and 14th† as well as a high quality human resources that ranks â€Å"2nd† in the region (Blanke & Chiesa, 2013, p.xxi). In addition, the country ranks as first among all economies for its â€Å"policy environment† that is most supportive with its rules and regulations encouraging travel and tourism industries (p.xxi). Data relating to visiting tourists shows a rising trend with â€Å"11.6 million in 2010 and 13.2 million in 2011 † with revenue earnings of â€Å"S$ 18.9 billion in 2010† and â€Å"$ 22.4 billion† in 2011 (Annual Report of Tourism Statistics, 2012, p.1). Therefore, it transpires that despite the economic down trend across the world, tourism industry in Singapore has been growing in a fast paced manner. The hotel industry in the country also has remained in a strong position over the years with the rates of occupancy up to â€Å"85%† in 2010 and â€Å"86%† in 2011 (Table-34, p.77). Currently, the country has a total of â€Å"154† gazetted hotels with â€Å"40,759† rooms available for letting out (p.83). The land transport system here comprises road and rail services with Express Ways of 161 km, Arterial Roads of 645 km, Collector Roads of 557 km and Local Access Roads of 2,048 km (Singapore Land Transport Statistics as at End of 2011, p.58). In addition, they have Rapid Transit Systems (RTS) with MRT of 146.5 and LRT of 28.8 km, with 97 MRT statio ns and 34 LRT stations, catering to a resident population of 5,184,000 and 13,171,000 visitors (p.58). Air traffic system in the country has accounted for the arrival of â€Å"150,827† aircrafts during the year 2011, carrying 22,778,000 passengers while sea transport has registered the arrival of â€Å"127,998† vessels in 2011 (Year Book of Statistics Singapore, 2012, p.181). This study envisages the development of a new tourism strategic policy and planning framework for Singapore to cater to an extra demand arising from a