Prescriptive Analytics For Cyber Security - 1160 Words

Prescriptive Analytics for Cyber Security Anomaly Detection Algorithm Status and Future Steps Xinle (Liam) Wang E295, MEng in IEOR University of California, Berkeley Introduction: Our capstone project team is working on Prescriptive Analytics for Cyber Security. The project mainly consists of two parts – building a predictive anomaly detection algorithm that detects suspicious cyber anomalies based on multiple cyber datasets, and implementing a prescriptive model which optimizes the output from anomaly detection and recommend the best course of action. We have been closely working with Mr. Eric Chasin from Innvo Solutions LLC, and Prof. Anil Aswani from IEOR department, to together achieve our goal of creating an integrated system or model that would automatically detect and prescribe actions for cyber anomalies. First, Chris led our group in learning to integrate different cyber data sources into ElasticSearch, which is a big data analytics platform, using tools such as Amazon Web Services and Logstash. After getting familiar with the data, Siddarth, Aldre and I together summarized time-window based features from the datasets that are helpful in anomaly detection, and Kenneth led the group in preprocessing the data with Python to extract the features we have discussed. At the current stage, Aldre and I are working simultaneously on anomaly detection algorithms for the suspicious network flow patterns. Specifically, Aldre has been working on TransductiveShow MoreRelatedBig Dat A New Buzzword3725 Words   |  15 Pagestechnology. Companies like Google and eBay were a couple of the first firms to implement big data. They never had legacy systems to integrate big data into because they began with big data. â€Å"Big data could stand alone, big data analytics could be the only focus of analy tics, and big data technology architectures could be the only architecture† (Davenport, and Dyche, â€Å"Big Data in Big Companies†). Even though big data was implemented from the get-go with firms such as Google, LinkedIn, and eBay, etcRead MoreComparative Education13537 Words   |  55 Pagesof our curriculum is based on this difficulty to elaborate this meaningful. Furthermore, the curricular entry is envisaged here as one of the stages of the didactic transposition process: that the placement in text of teaching objects in an prescriptive aimed that has to organize the teaching activity, to the breadth of the production of these teaching objects in the framework of the class to elaborate some objects of study for pupils, objects of study that are going to determine activitiesRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesunderstanding the historical genesis of modern business and military strategy Keith Hoskin, Richard Macve, and John Stone 9. Modernizing government: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 166 198 217 243 x CONTENTS 12. Management accounting, operations, and network relations:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages a new strategy of upgrading the existing slums gained acceptance. Governments would retrofit slums with water and sewage lines and electric connections, and often create or reposition their street plans. Frequently, they also provided deeds or security of tenure. These improvements increased the physical quality of life of the residents while maintaining the basic social structure and organization of the slum. In some cities, these structural improvements were supplemented with social, health

Intercollegiate Athletics - 3026 Words

Research Paper Intercollegiate athletics is an excellent public relations and fund raising arm for colleges, while providing education and training to future professional athletes. Academic programs have always criticized college athletic programs. There are five main reasons or accusations as many will call it. First it is said that all major and some smaller colleges routinely lower the admission standards for athletes because of the exposure that they bring to the university. The Ivy League, for example, have on average some of the lowest SAT scores than what are recorded at many other prestigious schools. Many schools will admit that they do allow and recruit athletes with scores of 820 points, which is almost 200 points†¦show more content†¦It would be my wish that a highly touted athlete would grace me with one to two years of their presence and greatness that I would not have had if they were to become a professional instead. Sometimes athletes cannot afford an education if it were not for their gift of athleticism. Are we to turn away someone who is trying to become something better because they may only have the skill to do it in a sport? Th e money that is produced by the higher end, more popular sports should be put back into those students and those programs to ensure the schools financial success and possibly keep the high profile athletes in school longer. This could also stop the scandals of athletes accepting money from boosters, agents, and some corrupt schools to get them to attend their college. So why is it that we expect these kids to turn away the millions of dollars staring them in the face, or the money offered by boosters and agents when they barely get enough money from the scholarships they receive to live off of while they are attending school and essentially going to work not only for themselves but their school and every student that attends? Let’s look at it this way, what do you think the graduation rates would be if college athletes were compensated and did not think like Jason Williams? I just don t like going to school. That s Jason Williams s explanation for why he left the third colle ge in asShow MoreRelatedThe Current Position Of Intercollegiate Athletics1653 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary The current position of intercollegiate athletics in the United States is a peculiar one when compared to most any other country in the world. In no other nation will one find varsity intercollegiate athletics programs that pay their athletes to attend the school. Therefore, in no other country will one find quite as much debate as to whether or not these athletics programs should continue to be affiliated with the colleges and universities they represent, particularly if the primaryRead MoreGambling in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Perception, Reality, and Consequences1121 Words   |  5 Pagescountry which is illegally gambling on college athletics. This form of gambling has to do with individuals placing bets on the outcome of a game based on inside information and student-athletes receiving money to perform poorly in competition just to name a few. Among these issues, gambling has become a part of society’s everyday lives with its ease of access, therefore some important things to consider when looking at gambling in intercollegiate athletics are the perspective of the gamblers (student-athlete’sRead MoreThe Impact Of Intercollegiate Athletics On American Education System1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntercollegiate athletics in America got its start as student-run activity clubs loosely organized for competition against other local clubs. Eventually these clubs were taken over by college administrators looking to control what was perceived as a less-than desirable aspect of the college experience. Faculty sought control of athletics in order to regulate dangerous events, promote events that would interest alumni, and utilize athletics as a vehicle to promote culture at their colleges. CollegesRead MoreThe Impact Of Title Ix On Career Opportunities For Intercollegiate Athletic Administration Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesused the OneSearch Database through UNF’s online library. I selected this study because it focuses on the impact of Title IX on the career opportunities in intercollegiate athletic administration. Bower, G.G., Hums, M.A. (2013). The impact of Title IX on career opportunities in intercollegiate athletic administration. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport (6), 213-230. 2. The literature review of this article focuses on Title IX itself, as well as statistical numbers that provide the reader knowledgeRead MoreTitle Ix And Its Impact On American Sports2369 Words   |  10 Pages Title IX consists of just thirty-seven words, and it is these words that have transformed the dynamics within the female athletic sphere in the United States. Although the federal law was initially envisioned to assist women in academia, it is currently renowned for its profound impact on American sports (Ware). It is an irrefutable fact that Title IX has vastly increased women’s participation in sports: the law has reportedly increased female participation rates within colleges six-fold from 1972—theRead More Title IX Essay example3230 Words   |  13 Pagesopportunity in athletics while giving schools the flexibility to choose sports based on student body interest, geographic influence, budget restraints, and gender ratio (2000). In other words, it is not a matter of women being able to participate in wrestling or that exactly the same amount of money is spent per womens and mens basketball player. Instead, the focus is on the necessity for women to have equal opport unities as men on a whole, not on an individual basis. In regard to intercollegiate athleticsRead MoreThe University Of Findlay And Ohio Dominican University920 Words   |  4 Pagesninety three acres of land   and was founded in 1911. There are 2,600 students enrolled at ODU. Of the students, fifty seven percent are female and forty three percent are male. ODU has   undergraduate and graduate programs. The University has sixteen athletic teams that compete in the NCAA Division II   and provides more than forty organizations for the students to be involved in. (â€Å"How ODU Rank Among America’s Best Colleges?†) (â€Å"ODU Quick Facts†). ODU offers more than forty five   majors (â€Å"Ohio DominicanRead MoreTitle Ix : The Idea Of Equity2331 Words   |  10 PagesTitle IX in College Athletics The idea of equity in society particularly in athletics has been a major topic in athletics for many years. However, in spite of the long and storied history of the fight for equity in athletics we still see a lot of misunderstanding especially involving one particular law. This law is Title IX which has a number of awful misconceptions associated with it even from female athletes themselves. One misconception that is very popular especially among the critics of TitleRead MoreWinston-Salem State University Case Study1021 Words   |  5 Pageslong-established history of athletic excellence, of athletic achievement both on the conference and national levels. From 2007 to 2010 athletic season, WSSU competed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. Other means from being a transition member from the NCAA Division II to NCAA Division I to remain within the MEAC or within the NCAA Division I was not successful. WSSU is currently a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, as knownRead MoreTitle IX Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesexcluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance† (Vest and Masterson par. 1). Title IX has increased women’s participation in athletics tremendously. Before Title IX only 100,000 female athletes participated in high school sports; following the act, Title IX was issued more than 500,000 women participated (â€Å"Achieving Success Under† par. 2). Title IX has made progress by increasing

Performance Appraisal and Career Development Free Essays

Performance Appraisal and career Development Ms. Garima Gupta (Assistant Professor, MBAPGDM) Banshi Group of Institutions, Bithoor, Kanpur ABSTRACT: The paper focuses on the roles that are played by the employee, the manager and the employer in planning, guiding and developing the employee’s career and points out that appraisal works as a motivating tool for the same as it improves employee’s job performance by identifying strengths and weaknesses and determining how their strengths, may be best utilized within the organization and weaknesses be overcome. It throws light on the fact that people wants to choose occupations, jobs and a career that makes sense in terms of projected future demand for various types of occupation the We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Appraisal and Career Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/hrm-352/"performance Appraisal system helps the employees to become aware of their personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivation and other characteristics which help to identify their career related goals and establishes action plans to attain goals, research is done to find out the employer’s role and also his career development responsibilities, that depends on how long the employee has been with the firm, it is the employer only who serves as a mentor to helps the person learn that ropes are important , it focuses on the importance of employer that it is only he who contributes in a positive way to the employee’s career matches the person’s strength weaknesses with the feasible career path and believes that development is one of the important step that helps to improve the organization career planning process. Performance appraisal: It is defined as the method of judging the relative worth or the ability of an employee in performing his tasks. It let s the employee know how he is performing (whether his performance is meeting the set standard or not) and helps him to improve his performance if lacking. It is generally carried out to evaluate the employee’s performance and also to develop him by capitalizing his strengths and overcoming the weaknesses. Who will appraise: The Appraisal can be done by one or by the combination of following: 1. Employer(Supervisor) 2. Peer 3. High Level Manager 4. Customer 5. Subordinate 6. Self-Appraisal Appraisal————-A Motivating tool to develop Employee’s Career and improving job performance———————————————————–by identifying Employee’s strength and Weaknesses It has been noticed that appraising the employee helps a lot in improving his performance it helps to know that whether the employee is meeting the set standard or not if not then what are the lacking areas in which he is not able to perform well, in order to overcome this the weaknesses of employee are identified and proper steps are taken to improve them utilize his strengths effectively. Employer’s Role in Identifying person’s Strengths and weaknesses: It is the employer who keeps an eye on the employees during his job performance it is only he who assign the task and duties to the employees after identifying the employee’s area of interest, his abilities and competencies in performing the task, he is the one who notices that how well the employee is performing and also notices the points where employee does not perform well during the whole performance Appraisal and evaluation process the employer comes to know about the strengths and weaknesses of the employee and ask the employee to overcome his weaknesses as they may prove to be obstacle in the path of his career development ,it is the employer who advises the employee to match his strengths and weaknesses with the opportunity and threats prevailing in the organization to achieve the career growth . The Employer should find out that how long the employee is staying with the organization and w hether the skills and interest of the employee are meeting with the job post or not. If not than it is the sole responsibility of the employer to help employee in overcoming his weaknesses by guiding and providing suggestions in developing required skills in the employee, as the employer serves as the mentor to the employee in boosting up their morale and inhibiting confidence in them so that they can move forward in their career and build them according to their wishes. A positive contribution is required from employer’s side. Employee’s strength and weaknesses identified by the Employer: By continuously monitoring the activities performed by the employee and also by evaluating employee’s performance the employer brings out following Strengths and weaknesses in the employee- STRENTHS: 1. Level of Education 2. Sound job knowledge . Work experience 4. Positive personal characteristics 5. Excellent communication skills 6. Problem solving abilities 7. Team building characteristics 8. Sound judgment and decision making abilities 9. A good Initiator 1 0. Controlling and Delegating Abilities WEAKNESSES: 1. Lack of higher Education level 2. Inappropriate job knowledge 3. Lack of work experience 4. Negative personal characteristics 5. Lack of communication skills 6. Low problem solving abilities 7. Lack of team building characteristics 8. Lack of sound judgment and low decision making abilities 9. Lack of Initiative characteristics 10. Low delegating and Controlling abilities Though strengths are the internal positive aspects of employees, which should be capitalized whereas weaknesses are the internal negative aspects of employee, which should be improved. It has been noticed that it is very difficult for us to know about about our weaknesses as we only wish to see our positive sides and tries to ignore our negative aspects, in such situation employer plays very crucial role in identifying our strengths and weaknesses, during Appraisal the employee also comes across the points where he lacks and tries the way to improve in that area , the Employer emphasizes on the fact that the employee should take steps to develop his, skills, interest, Style and values. An impressing personality also proves to be one of the most important factors for growth, one should inoculate the skills of sharp learning in himself so that it helps employee to know more and more about himself and helps him to improve himself in the areas where the employee is weak. , Which in turn proves to be very much important for the growth of the organization. Following points are very important for employee’s development- 1. Employer’s Feedback 2. Areas of Employee Development 3. Praise as well as criticism from the employers 4. Maintain/improve knowledge skills 5. Maintain awareness of operating environment organisation’s mandate 6. Know understand scope of responsibilities duties 7. Give feedback on performance expectations and assessment criteria 8. Give feedback on constraints to achieving targets 9. Produce maintain high quality of output Employee Competency: An employee should be good in following points in order to become competent by capitalizing strengths and overcoming weaknesses- 1. He should have sound knowledge about his job profile and his working areas. 2. He should a positive attitude towards the responsibilities and duties assigned to him. 3. He should posses a positive behavior towards his subordinates for the achievement of goals. 4. He Should be strongly motivated But these competencies can be developed only through a sound Appraisal System that will help to find out the employee’s drawbacks, which can be improved, y Training and Development. The employee can achieve success in his work by matching his own needs with the needs of organization. MATCHING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS ORGANIZATIONALNEEDSINDIVIDUAL NEEDS StaffingMaking career/job choice DevelopmentMaking contribution Leveling offFittin g into organization RestaffingUsing Experience Career development is directly linked with Human Development. It ongoes throughout the lifespan of an individual resulting in the individuals growth both in their life and work, it basically refers to shaping your career in a way you wish to. It helps in developing capable employees with best skills, knowledge and behavior. Employer’s Role in Career Planning, Guiding and Developing the Employee’s Career: Following steps should be taken: †¢Know yourself: †¢Who are you? †¢What is your motivational type? †¢What is your personality type? †¢What are your career assets? †¢Assess where you are in relation to where you want to be †¢Identify your strengths and developmental needs †¢Benchmark your goals †¢Planning: Create Your Career Development Plan †¢Preparation: Have a Career Discussion and be Competition Ready By keeping above points in mind following characteristics are developed in the employees by the Employer to plan and develop their career- 1. Employee’s personal interest and abilities 2. Integrating the employee’s personal value system with the organizational culture. 3. Developing Team building Skills. 4. The employer to deal with conflicts, grievances, Stress, and emotions provides healthy tips. 5. Developing the feeling of commitment and competence among the employees. 6. Boosting up the employee’s Career. 7. Creates awareness among the employee about his unique characteristics that makes him different from others. It is the prime responsibility of the employer to take active interest in an employees career planning. Promotions in the job through appropriate Appraisal system that brings following points in the employee’s mind- 1. The employee gains a sense of satisfaction and security. 2. It helps to increase employee’s loyalty as they feel that the organization not only concerned in its development but also in the development of the employee. 3. The feeling of promotion motivates the employee to develop their personal skills and potential abilities for their personal growth and development. 4. It encourages employees to match their personal goals with the goals of organization for effective and efficient working that will yield fruitful results. 5. The employee will take keen interest in asking the employer about his strengths and weaknesses and will try to match them with the opportunities and threats of the organization he is working with. Career Development Initiatives: †¢A periodic review should be done by the employer to discuss about the career plan †¢Employer and the manager should take active part in guiding the employees on the issues related to their career development. †¢Job Rotation should be done so that they may understand the variations in their responsibilities. †¢An effective performance appraisal programme should be done to help employee know about their lacking areas †¢Helping employees in identifying their skills, interest and values. †¢Helping employees in developing their career goals based on the needs of the organization. †¢Relating employee’s current performance with future potentials. Transfers ,Promotions ,Demotions/Termination, Relocation Services, Outplacement Services, Development Opportunity Announcements, promotion of CD Opportunities. †¢Encourage employees take more ownership for their own career development References: †¢1998, Archer No rth Associatiates, Introduction to Performance Appraisal, http://www. performance-appraisal. com/intro. htm †¢A framework for HRM-Gary Dessler †¢HRM-An Introduction-Angelo S. DeNisi,Ricky W. Griffin †¢Human Resource Management-Principles and Practices-PG Aquinas †¢Human Resource Management-Theory and Practices-Tapomoy Deb †¢Terrence H. Murphy (2004-03-24) (PDF). Performance Appraisals. †¢Thomas F. Patterson (1987). Refining Performance Appraisal. †¢www. rhemagroup. com †¢www. slideshare. com †¢www. usuhs. mil/chr/idp. pdf How to cite Performance Appraisal and Career Development, Essay examples

Forming Committees - Top 5 Ways to form a committee

Question: Describe about the Placement in the sub-committees and Justification? Answer: Placement in the sub-committees and Justification The following fugue has been developed as per the need of the sub-committee of IS Committee: Figure 1: Sub-Committee Formation (Source: Created by Author) Training: The training functions of the committee have to be designed by the planners and the experts of the required process. This also needs the top most members of the committee so that the concerned staff can be trained in the desired manner and also fulfils the strategic objectives of the committee (Shenhar and Levy, 2008). The Director Training will be responsible for designing the entire training programs meanwhile project leader, HRM director and vice president of nursing will be responsible for content build-up of the training process. Data Management The data management process is one of the most crucial processes in the internal functions of the committee (Taylor, 2007). The inclusion of the chief information officer in the team is based on the need for ensuring smooth flow of data and knowledge within the operational process. The objective of the data management process and the areas of focus will be decided by the chief information officer whereas the 2 computers programmers will focus on system design and the 2 database administrator will ensure data mining, data sorting, data quality and other technical aspects. Development The development functions will be based on the result of the data management and analysis process. Thus, the director of research will function on utilisation of the data being transferred and stored. The system analysts will again be engaged in data management and forming proper process for data transfer and sharing. The computer programmer will focus on the health of the systems used. Conversion The conversion team will be used for converting the data into understandable language for the users of the data (Taylor, 2007). The Vice President Clinical Services and Director Lab will assess the complexity of the data and engage in conversion of the data. The vendor representatives will be responsible for equipments which will be sued for data conversion. Interfaces The interfaces committee will be used for transferring the data to the end users and will require appropriate interfaces so that users can understand and utilise them. The Director of Radiology and Cardiopulmonary services will assimilate the data to be transferred where as the director materials management will help in creating the interfaces for final data transfer. The computer programmer will manage the functioning of the technical equipments engaged in the process. Charge to each subcommittee Sub-Committee Charge Training This team will train the associated staffs in accordance with the objectives of the larger committee. The main function is to help the staff know their roles in the operational process. Data Management The data management team will be responsible for designing the technical aspects of the data management process. The basic steps such as data mining, data sorting and data quality will be measured by this team Development The development team will be charged with the responsibility of refining the data and transferring it to the conversion team for further usage Conversion The conversion team will analyse the data and make it usable for the end users. Interface The interface team will focus on identification and use of interfaces which will be used for communication of the team (Shenhar and Levy, 2008). Reference Shenhar, A. J. and Levy, O. (2008). Mapping the dimensions of project success, Project Management Journal, 28 (2), 87569728. Taylor, J. (2007). Project Scheduling and Cost Control, 5/e. London: Routledge

#FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor

#FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor #FreelancerFriday #8 - Ellie Clarke, Editor â€Å"For a first-time author the process can be quite illuminating. For the author to have given you their work, and for you to have made alterations and made sure that they’re happy about it, you’re the second-closest person to their project. It can be quite great – especially if you know you’ve done a good job and that the client is happy.† Ellie Clarke is an editor based in the south-east UK. Ellie is something of a polymath, offering services for every step in the process, from ghostwriting through to proofreading. You can  enjoy our conversation below. – What kind of services do you offer as an editor? I do a wide range of editing and editorial work. I do everything from development editing all the way down to proofreading – light copy edits, heavy copy-edits, structural edits. I also ghostwrite, doing things from the other side.   Basically, all the things. I used to work in-house as a project editor. I had to manage everything from end-to-end. That meant organising other people to do the different stages, and sometimes doing it myself. I’ve carried on with that approach – to be able to put myself forward for any type of editing. Once you’ve got the skills it’s important to keep practicing them. Do you often do multiple types of edit for a single client? Like a developmental edit, and then a copy edit as well? For larger clients, publishers and so on, I might do a variety of different types of editorial work on different projects. So for one I’ll be structurally editing, another will be a copy-edit, and another will be a proofread. Private clients sometimes ask for a combined service, and I’m happy to offer it, but usually I would recommend that if someone wants, say, a copy-edit and a proofread, I often think its better to go to someone else for the proofread. A fresh pair of eyes can really help.   Then again, it depends on the project – if someone has specific knowledge that they’ll need in order to do the proof properly, getting the original copy-editor to proofread it is a good idea. Having a fresh pair of eyes is good, but then also familiarity with a project has its own benefits. What do you think those benefits are, in your experience? One of the main ones would be if a new copy-editor comes in after a development edit has happened, they might reverse some stylistic choices previously made – especially if there isn’t a good style sheet for the project. It could be any decision, even down to using double or single quotation marks. That sort of thing can end up being lost unless it’s been written down – but you also can’t write down every single decision – otherwise you’d end up with the Guardian style guide. Does the relationship between the author and the editor change over the course of a project? For a first-time author the process can be quite illuminating. For the author to have given you their work, and for you to have made alterations and made sure that they’re happy about it, you’re the second-closest person to their project. It can be quite great – especially if you know you’ve done a good job and that the client is happy. It can be difficult as well. Sometimes people think of an edit as a friend looking through your book and looking for typos. It’s important to be diplomatic and understand that the project is their baby. The dynamic changes over time. At first people can be defensive. As they realise that you have their project’s best interests at heart it gets a lot easier. This is especially true when you’re working directly with an author – it’s very different to when you’re working through a publishing house or a project management company. Is there a difference between working directly with a publishing house verses working with the author directly? Certainly. It can be beneficial, especially if you’re thinking about self-publishing, in that the author retains a lot more creative control. The benefit of having direct contact with your editor is that you can feed, as we were saying, information about creative elements that you want a certain way directly to the editor. Otherwise that can sometimes get lost in translation. How does thinking about the reader affect how you work, how you set objectives for when you’re editing a piece? I think personally I’m working for the reader. I want the reader to get a book that works for them, that they enjoy, and that is high quality. When you’re editing, what are you looking at? The flow of the prose, the expression of the idea? It depends on the subject matter. For fiction editing, you’re certainly looking at the flow of the story, you’re looking at character development, at whether the text is too long or too short. Line editing and copy-editing is more practical – grammar, typos, for example. When in the writing process should an author approach an editor? You should definitely have a draft ready. Contacting someone when you’ve got a few chapters and a synopsis can be a good idea, and people out there are happy to look at what you’ve got so far to let you know if they think it’ll be worthwhile. In terms of actually getting into the nitty-gritty of the editorial process, you should have a draft and you should have reread that draft yourself.   Some people, quite a lot of people, recommend that before you’re ready to have someone else look at your manuscript you should have gone over somewhere between three and ten times. I would say be as happy as you can be with the manuscript before you send it to an editor. The better shape the manuscript is in, the less editing it will tend to need, which makes it a faster process and a cheaper process – obviously good if you’re an indie author. What makes a project great to work on? Having a shared interest definitely helps. For authors it’s important to find an editor who’s interested in what you’re writing. If you’ve written a sci-fi novel and you approach someone who generally edits gardening textbooks they’re probably not the best person. Maybe they are! Maybe they also have a secret interest in sci-fi! It’s good when an author is ready for the process. Some people sometimes think they’re ready, but still find it quite difficult. When you’re being edited the fact is that some of your text will be changed. Working with someone who’s easy-going and open to talking about change is good. It’s about being able to have those conversations and say â€Å"I would recommend this, what do you think?† The author can say â€Å"Yes, I agree,† or â€Å"No, I don’t agree, and this is why.† Being able to have that flow of ideas with someone really helps It’s also good to be clear about the expectations you have from each other. The author should know what you need from them – in terms of the manuscript, in terms of how much time you need. As the editor, you should know what the author needs – how heavily they want the text edited, how long they have, if they have a specific deadline, if there are certain things they don’t want to change. Do you dialogue with authors as well as marking up the text? In developmental editing there’s often more dialogue – you might come across something where you need to know what the author wants to do before you can really proceed. That can come up in other forms of editing as well. I’ve known people who prefer to be presented with the edit and just go through the comments, and I’ve also known people who want to be consulted at every stage. It’s usually better if the author’s prepared to not have every change discussed – that can take a very long time, which isn’t useful for them. Is there anything about working with a publisher that’s impossible to match working freelance? I don’t know that you’d match it exactly – it would still be a different experience. Unless you hire a project manager as well, which you can do, you end up being the project manager for your own book†¦ which can be quite stressful. But in terms of the book doing well, in terms of getting a good quality of finished project, I think you probably can match it.   As long as you’re willing to take the time with it and understand that you probably do need at least an edit and a proofread – generally one stage isn’t enough to get it as a finished product – then I think you can end up with a very good end product. Obviously, some people do very well indeed from publishing on Amazon, for example. Whether it will be different to a traditionally published book depends on what you as the author are happy to do with the book, and how many stages you’re happy to go through. Thank you for your time Ellie.

Old Hamlet and Claudius Essays

Old Hamlet and Claudius Essays Old Hamlet and Claudius Paper Old Hamlet and Claudius Paper Claudius, Old Hamlet and Polonius are all fathers and the way in which each is presented by Shakespeare is quite different. On the surface, the play is a revenge tragedy in which a grieving son seeks to avenge the death of his murdered father. However I think it has been very cleverly crafted by Shakespeare around a bleak theme of appearance versus reality that explores the corrupt, sinister region of the human nature that is present beneath the surface of us all. Shakespeares portrayal of many of the characters in the play and in particular of fathers is as both malevolent and egotistical. Claudius hypocrisy masquerades as fatherly love and concern; Polonius obsequiousness and search for position masquerades as service to the King, using his daughter as a pawn in the process; Old Hamlets torment and manipulation of Hamlets emotions is passed off as regaining his honour. On the surface fathers are presented by Shakespeare as having to be loved, honoured and obeyed almost without question. However the effect this has on their children is quite catastrophic leading to resentment, repression, bitterness, madness and eventually death. I will examine the way each of these characters is presented with close reference to Act 1 Scene II (Claudius), Act 1 Scene V (Old Hamlet) and Act 1 Sc. III (Polonius). Claudius, the newly crowned King of Denmark and uncle to Hamlet, assumes the role of Hamlets stepfather after marrying Gertrude following the death of old Hamlet. He takes on this role very early on in the play when he publicly announces his love for Hamlet in Act 1 Sc. II: And with no less nobility of love Than that which dearest father bears his son do I impart toward you. (I. ii. 10-12) Hamlet is very resentful toward Claudius because of his lack of mourning for the death of Old Hamlet and his hasty marriage to Gertrude A little more than kin and less than kind. This use of play on words in Hamlets first line of the play reveals his bitter frame of mind. Claudius is no longer a mere relative but his father and Hamlet is not kindly disposed toward him. Claudius on the other hand, seems more than willing to adopt the role as his new father. On the surface, he is presented as a loving father but hints of duplicity become apparent in later scenes. He is aware of Hamlets popularity and is perhaps trying to exert some control over him as well as win the favour of his people and wife. In the Lawrence Olivier filmed interpretation of the play it is only after Gertrude expresses concern for Hamlets well-being that a change in his attitude becomes apparent. At this stage of the play, the audience is unaware of Claudius devious and self-centred nature and so it is difficult to establish if he is sincere in his affection toward Hamlet. He is aware of Hamlets power to form a faction against the King because of his popularity and throughout the speech in which he talks to him, he must choose his words carefully so as not to provoke him further. He is also rather forceful in this speech and tries to persuade Hamlet not to leave for Germany, away from his prying eyes: And we beseech you, bend you to remain Here, in the cheer and comfort of our eye, Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son. (I. ii. 15-17) This is intended by Claudius to comfort Hamlet, encourage him to stay, and emphasise the point that he will be held with the greatest respect as a noble, cherished as a kinsman and loved as a son. However it could also be taken to have a very different, more sinister connotation; he would be able to constantly watch Hamlet for any treacherous behaviour. Shakespeares use of language in Claudius speech makes his words seem persuasive and cajoling, trying to make Hamlet come out of his mourning and turn to support his new father. He speaks smoothly using assonant sounds, Survivor bound in filial obligation and Throw to earth this unprevailing woe. Shakespeare uses imagery of thunder and a cannon, however, to reflect Claudius joy at Hamlets affirmative answer; these are not particularly joyous sounds of revelry which denotes he has some ulterior motive. Imagery of disease and decay used in Hamlets speech, An unweeded garden that goes to seed, helps to suggest he may have a sense of his step-fathers hypocrisy. Old Hamlet appears to Hamlet several times throughout the play, in spirit form. The audience do not actually see him in life and it is therefore difficult to judge what sort of a character he is as there is no real evidence he is not from hell The spirit I have seen may be the devil. Shakespeare presents Old Hamlet and Claudius differently and Hamlets actual father is portrayed in a much better light than his hypocritical step-father drawing a distinction between fathers and step-fathers. Hamlet draws several comparisons between Claudius and Old Hamlet. His first soliloquy is studded with imagery So excellent a King, that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. This is an interesting contrast; he sees Claudius as a satyr, a Greek mythological beast that loved to indulge in all kinds of sensual pleasures in comparison to his father who he describes as the Titan Hyperion, father of the sun, the moon and the dawn. He is as far from his brother as Hamlet is from Hercules My fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules ! Clearly Old Hamlet is presented in a far better light by Shakespeare and the audience feels more sympathetic towards him. It is easier to understand why Hamlet reacts to him as he does.

Using SAP in Electronic Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Using SAP in Electronic Government - Essay Example The study finds that immediate concerns are technical in nature, including weakness in the IT infrastructure, lack of knowledge, inadequacy in security and privacy of information, and lack of training of personnel. In the longer term, socio-cultural factors and a governance system that allows for e-Democracy are salient factors. For now, SAP assistance and programs promise to contribute much towards the technical and structural foundation of a robust e-government system. The impetus to develop e-government capability is a primary concern of all nations, particularly the member states of the United Nations, which has made it a priority initiative. Saudi Arabia is expected to play a pivotal role in e-government establishment in the Middle East region, not in small part due to the UN assessment that it is one of the more advanced Arab nations in information and communications technology (ICT). The business sector has long forged ahead in ICT applications, and further development of the nation necessitates the adoption of ICT in making the government more responsive and interactive with the citizenry and business sector. The challenges that tend to impede e-government development must be first addressed in order for efforts to be successful. The main purpose of this research consists of three axes. First, the definition of SAP and its characteristics. Second, identify the E-Government and know its components. Moreover, identify the challenges that facing e-government. Finally, the role of SAP in reducing these challenges and the development of e-government shall be discussed. The Systems Application Products (SAP) portfolio is a modular system, meaning that the software is packaged separately according to its various functions. The modular feature of this system allows it a great amount of versatility, making it suitable for application in small and medium scale enterprises, large-scale business corporations, and even

Answering the questions according to reading Essay

Answering the questions according to reading - Essay Example Gender, politics, and race intersect in producing repressive heteronormative gender relations. Lindsey Feitz and Joane Nagel explore the intersections of gender, war, and sexuality in â€Å"The Militarization of Gender and Sexuality in the Iraq War.† They assert that although the U.S. military employs more women in army operations nowadays, the same heteronormative relations are imposed on the latter. Feitz and Nagel add the complication of race, as sexuality and gender issues intersect. They talk about the example of the rescue of Private First Class Jessica Lynch, whose race and gender contrasted to those of her takers, where â€Å"American men [were] saving a pretty, young, white American woman from the possible sexual and personal assault by dark and dangerous Iraqis† (206). ... Gil Z. Hochberg presents heteronormativity that is more racial than sexual, although the causes and effects have gendered dimensions in â€Å"‘Check Me Out’: Queer encounters in Sharif Waked’s Chic Point: Fashion for Israeli Checkpoints.† Hochberg shows how checkpoints in West Bank and Gaza depict heteronormative exploitation. In his analysis, he asserts that checkpoints serve to â€Å"produce the Palestinian body both as a symbol of imminent danger (â€Å"the terrorist†) and as the object of complete subjugation lacking any political agency (â€Å"the occupied†)† (578). Because these checkpoints target both men and women, heteronormativity is depicted in a regional scale, wherein one male nationality controls and suppresses a different male and female nationality. Sex and gender become political arenas of power over those who are more powerless or those whom the dominant race wants to render powerless. The male gaze is an important ima ge of heteronormative sexuality production in several articles. How the heteronormative male sees women affects how they treat them. Feitz and Nagel indicate the role of gender in the male military gaze. Military personnel, for instance, continue to see military women in their stereotyped roles (Feitz and Nagel 204). Female soldiers continue to be embedded into the heteronormative aspirations of the military in specific and the American society in general. In â€Å"Securitizing Gender: Identity, Biometrics, and Transgender Bodies at the Airport,† Paisley Currah and Tara Mulqueen explore gender issues in the U.S. Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) gender and biometrics practices. They describe that by using biometrics and comparing its results that to gender information, TSA’s programs

Research process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research process - Essay Example Stage 2: Collection of secondary data: - The next step that is to be followed in this context of the study is collection of secondary data. In this aspect relevant secondary data can be used. For example data from other travel agencies regarding their special tour packages can be collected to serve the purpose. The secondary research must be carried to know the facts such as the tourist destination that will be able to provide accommodation to people with disability. The secondary research can be also about facilities needed for a disabled person. Stage 3: Once the secondary data is collected, the next step is to collect the primary data. In this perspective among qualitative and quantitative form of research, qualitative research must be used. It is because the target group is small in numbers and hence the required respondents will be also less. The sample will be 5-10 disabled people. The data will be collected through observation method as it is the best possible way. Through observation method the patterns and problems of the disables will be identified and accordingly the characteristics can be

The capital punishment

The capital punishment Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the lawful act of taking the life of a person who has been convicted of a crime. There has much debate over the years concerning capital punishment and its effectiveness as a crime deterrence, retribution, and the methods in which the executions are carried out. All the mentioned factors lead to the question of should the United States use capital punishment? According to Cheatwood the deterrence argument for capital punishmentclaims that the existence of thedeath penalty and the use of that penalty will deter violent crime within the political jurisdiction in which the law exist and is applied. If that is true, then in two fundamentally similar jurisdictions that differ only in the existence and use of capital punishment the level of violent crime in the jurisdiction that employs the death penalty should be lower than the level in the jurisdiction that does not (Cheatwood,1993,para.17). Cheatwood(1993) found that in consideration of the research conducted in 1976 it showed that neither the existence of capital punishment at state level, nor the enactment of provision as demonstrated by the number of executions in the state would have an effect on deterring crime at the county level. Some think that capital punishment is brutal, others believe that it is retribution for horrific crimes committed (Zimring, 2000). Many would agree with me that in the case of Angel Diaz a man who was convicted and sentenced to death was subjected to brutal and inhumane conditions, something went terribly wrong. The drugs administered left his arms badly burned; the medical examiner said that none of the medication administered went to the right place. Witnesses stated the deceased seemed to suffer during the process, according to testimony it took 34 minutes, which is 20 minutes longer than usually required for an execution. According to testimony 14 vials of material was used before Diaz was successfully executed (National Public Radio,2007). Jed Bush who was the Governor of Florida during this botched execution called the moratorium in that state on all prosecutions until they could get to the bottom of what was going wrong with the legal injection protocol(National Public Radio, 2007). During an interview on National Public Radio Dahlia Lithwick stated that 22 of the 40 states that allow the death penalty either have moratoria or theyre considering imposing moratoria. Two other states formally banned lethal injection, and one has found the death penalty unconstitutional (National Public Radio,2007). Some states admit that they believe in capital punishment but do not agree with the disastrous way it is administered (National Public Radio,2007). Some states think that if the accused has committed murder then he or she must die as retribution. They believe that life imprisonment does not serve as retribution for the loss of innocent life. Defenders of capital punishment also argue that it is a crime deterrent. I do not agree with capital punishment, but many agree that it is just retribution. How can we stand behind a law that commits the same act that it convicts? I do agree that society has an obligation to protect its citizens. Murderers and others who commit crimes that are detrimental to the safety and welfare of society should be reprimanded but lawfully killing another is committing murder. Some feel that the only way to guarantee that a convicted murderer will not kill again is by imposing the death penalty. This is true; the accused will not kill again because he or she is deceased. Most research has produced no findings that capital punishment is a crime deterrent. There is no evidence to support the claim that the death penalty is a more effective deterrent of violent crime than, say, life imprisonment. In fact, statistical studies that have compared the murder rates of jurisdictions with and without the death penalty have shown that the rate of murder is not related to whether the death penalty is in force: There are as many murders committed in jurisdictions with the death penalty as in those without. Unless it can be demonstrated that the death penalty, and the death penalty alone, does in fact deter crimes of murder, we are obligated to refrain from imposing it when other alternatives exist (Andre Velasquez,1988,). This is a debate that will go on for years to come. Capital punishment should be abolished because of botched executions and claims of racism. It also fair to say that those who cant afford to appeal their cases because of lack of funds are more likely sentenced to death than those who can afford a good legal defense. In some cases innocent people are sentenced to death. All life is of value whether or not it is taken illegal or legal it is unjust. References Cheatwood, D.(1993).Capital punishment and the deterrence of violent crime in comparable counties.Criminal Justice Review(Georgia State University), 18(2), 165-181. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=14243834site=ehost-live Zimring, E. F. (2000) Capital Punishment, Online Encyclopedia Retrieved from http://autocww.colorado.edu/~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/LawAndCourts/CapitalPunishment.html National Public Radio, Day to Day. (2007, February13). Florida mulls lethal-injection problems. Message posted to http://http:/www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=7382349 Andre, C., Velasquez, M.(1988).Capital punishment our duty or doom.Isssues in Ethics, 1(3), . Retrievedfromhttp://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n3/capital.html

Hamlets Immaturity in Shakespeares Hamlet :: essays research papers

Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing. Hamlet's Immaturity in Shakespeare's Hamlet :: essays research papers Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is an immature child who craves attention. Throughout the play â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare, Hamlet creates difficulty for himself because of his inability to handle the situations life throws at him. There are many aspects of life that become easier with maturity. Hamlet’s lack of maturity makes his entire life that much more difficult and, in the end, his immaturity kills him. Hamlet is given reason to believe that his Father was murdered. A ghost bearing the â€Å"†¦same figure like the king that’s dead.† (Bernardo 1:1) informed him that the old King’s death was â€Å"Murder most foul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghost 1:5). When Hamlet eagerly inquires as to the meaning of the Ghost’s words he is told that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown.† Upon hearing this Hamlet immediately knows that his Uncle Claudius, the new king and his new step-father, is the guilty party. A mature person upon hearing news like this would, most likely, also have gone slightly insane with anger. How ever a mature person, upon regaining some control of his or her faculties, would have taken steps to punish the murderer in a just fashion. These steps would have included informing to populace and the Queen of the New King’s treachery against the old. Hamlet does not do this, instead he schemes and plots ways to kill his Uncle as opposed to giving him the opportunity to exculpate himself. Had Hamlet acted with maturity and expressed his concerns about his uncle the lives of many people would have been spared. A second example of Hamlet’s immaturity, which stems from his plotting against Claudius, can be seen in his treatment of Ophelia, the daughter of a court advisor. Hamlet himself gives cause for belief that he is in love with Ophelia. He writes to her informing her that she is his â€Å"†¦soul’s idol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polonius 2:2). How ever when Hamlet affects insanity he treats Ophelia in a very ribald manner. After a litany of insults directed at Ophelia because of Hamlet’s belief that she is in league with Polonius in trying to trap him he goes so far as to proclaim â€Å"I loved you not.† (Hamlet 3:1) Hamlet used Ophelia quite cruelly in order to strike a blow at her father and Claudius. Instead of acting like a man and telling them directly what he thought of them he abused a trusting, loving, girl in order to deliver his message of loathing.

American Life in 1920s and 1930s Essay

The NAACP was focusing on legislative strategies produced to encounter the demanding civil and legal liberties issues of the era. They signaled for federal anti-execution laws and organized a series of protests to state-funded isolation in public educational institutions. NAACP leaders pursued, one, to ensure that all whites acknowledge the demand for racial impartiality by publicizing it and via their magazine catastrophe. On the other hand, the communist party was substantial in the struggle for racial impartiality in the south of United States of America. The communist party also fought for the civil and legal rights via public clamor. Discuss the racial implications of change during the 1930s in American popular culture -including music, movies, literature, etc. The cultural products that most captivated fashionable audiences during the era of the Great Depression that occurred around the 1930s. The audiences were those that switched their attention from the anguish of the time especially popular literature, radio, and movies. The accessibility to radio programs changed a lot of American families and surroundings especially the families from the black community, as they begun to form their lives around radio programming. People together with their families assembled together to listen to popular programs. Also, friends assembled on the foot porches, backyards, and along the streets to listen to the shows. But, some social and political programs were transmitted. The most fashionable broadcasts offered the racial implicated-era community with dramatic and commonly jovial stories of escape and adventure. Still, ther e were fashionable soap operas, music concerts, The Academy Awards, sporting events, and current events. Because a lot of the shows were transmitted in front of live viewers, individuals filled the studio to watch these amazing performances. Movies, by the mid-1930s, African American gathered around theaters to see many entertainment opportunities that offered an escape from the actual phenomenon of the Depression. A lot of Hollywood-produced movies avoided wrangles during this era. They produced musical, â€Å"screwball†, comics, novel adaptations, fictional movies. Popular Culture, while the wrangles were massively missing from movie and radio productions, the controversial political and social voices of the Depression were usually found in the fashionable culture that emerged from the 1930s. A few authors examined the hardships of poverty that affected the African American who worked on the farms and the Dust Bowl migrants; they also exposed the evils of poverty throughout the country, condemned the excessiveness of capitalism, and disclosed the many pathways for civil injustice. Two of the most fashionable novels of the time, but, were romantic stories fixed different historical events, Anthony Adverse and Gon e with the Wind. The American audiences were attracted by the most popular culture from the Great Depression era that was designed by the public’s motive to departure from the psychological, economic, and social hardships that were connected to racial differences during the 1930s. Questions 1 and 5 at the end of chapter 19 What accounts for the movement of many African American from king’s â€Å"beloved community† ideal to â€Å"black power† slogan popularized by Stokely Carmichael and H.Rap Brown? The movement of a lot of African American from king’s â€Å"beloved community† ideal to â€Å"black power† slogan popularized by Stokely Carmichael and H.Rap Brown was proposed by the way in which the African American were handled by their white counterparts. He states that everyone has to be appreciative of his race. He argues that â€Å"You have got to be noble of being black. You cannot go around referring yourself colored and call yourself Negroes. That is the word the honkies gave it you. You are black, brother, and you should feel proud of your complexion, and it is very beautiful.† It was proposed by the election of a new chairperson for student’s peaceful manager. He was an old-time leader and guided the challenge campaign that propelled massive promotion from the black community. He was known for being a promoter of armed self-defense. He proposed the theme of racial nobleness and militancy that was similar to his forbearer. It was the narrative of the movement. To what extent was Jesse Jackson’s emergence as a nationally prominent political figure a reflection of broader trends in African American politics? It demonstrated that African American are achieving political power and displays the success of black people in getting their civil and legal rights. Therefore, it is not only to participate in elections but also to be involved in the process of governance. Questions 2 and 3 at the end of chapter 20 How did the transition from the activism of the 1960s to the conservatism of the Reagan Bush era to African American politicians During the two terms of office of Reagan Bush, solidified, grasped, and decided to personify the American shift to the political right wing. His substantial legacy as a leader of was that swing in the American political spectrum. The move created a â€Å"liberal† a form of democracy. What had been conservative transformed to being moderate such as the participation of African Americans in active politics and what was moderate was later promoted for the left wing. The drift was as profound and pronounced that African American vehemently embraced Bill Clinton regardless of his support programs, welfare policies, and criminal justice, in particular, that might have been referred to as reactionary and racist under the rule of Reagan Bush. Compare and contrast tactics used in the Free South Africa movement with the African American Freedom struggle In both movements, the individuals faced racial inequality. Blacks were recognized as disadvantaged while the white was considered as the advantaged. During the legal and civil liberties movements, Blacks were had limited liberties such as drinking water fountains as whites or found around public places conversing with the whites. They could also not attend the same school. In Comparison to the Anti-Apartheid social movements in South Africa, intermarriages between the white and Africans were prohibited and they were special schools for the whites. In both occasions, both freedom fighters were brutally assaulted, imprisoned, and some died as a result of being tortured. The two social movements had the same ideology of pursuing equal rights and justice for all despite their racial differences. They also shared the same tactics. The two social institutions advocated peaceful demonstrations, utilizing similar methods such as boycotts, media campaigns, and protests. Such approaches were managed within and by similar organizations such as the labor unions, universities, and churches. The civil liberties and the anti-Apartheid Movements had the same leadership style which had logical motives along with experienced protest organizers and corporate competence.

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays

Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essays Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay Association Football and Substitute Goalkeeper Essay The goalkeeper is the most specialised position in football. A goalkeepers job is mainly defensive: to guard the teams goal from being breached (to not let the other team score). Goalkeeper is the only position defined in the Laws of the Game. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands and arms, however they are restricted to doing so only within their penalty area; for this reason, they must wear jerseys that distinguish them from other outfield players and the referee. If a goalkeeper is sent off or injured, and there is no substitute goalkeeper available, an outfield player must take the goalkeepers place and put on the appropriate identifying uniform. [3] The discipline of goalkeeping is so specialised that it is very rare in the professional game for a goalkeeper to play in any other position. One notable exception is Jorge Campos of Mexico, who played effectively as a striker when called upon. 4] A goalkeeper with good technical skill may opt to take his teams penalties and free kicks though this is rare as the goalkeeper would be caught out of position if possession is conceded immediately after the kick. Jose Luis Chilavert, formerly of Velez Sarsfield and Paraguay, and Rogerio Ceni of Sao Paulo and Brazil are well-known free-kick and penalty specialists with over 100 goals to their names. Hans-Jorg Butt is the goalkeeper to have scored in the most different competitions, having scored in all of Germanys top four divisions, the German cup and the UEFA Champions League. 5][6][7] Physical strength, height, jumping ability and judgement are valued qualities for goalkeepers to have in order to deal with aerial balls and agility, quick reactions and a good positional sense are all needed for shot stopping. [8][9] The standard football skills of ball control, tackling, passing and dribbling are not usually required in a goalkeeper, although the introduction of the back-pass rule in the early 1990s has necessitated improvement on such skills. [10]

Qué esperar cuando un migrante es detenido por la migra

Quà © esperar cuando un migrante es detenido por la migra En Estados Unidos, los migrantes indocumentados pueden ser detenidos por las autoridades migratorias. Adems, en casos especà ­ficos los migrantes que se encuentran legalmente en el paà ­s pueden tambià ©n ser detenidos e iniciarse contra ellos un proceso de deportacià ³n. Puntos clave: migrantes detenidos ICE puede detener a migrantes legales por felonà ­as y a los indocumentados por felonà ­as o violaciones migratorias. Estar ilegalmente en EE.UU. es una violacià ³n migratoria.ICE decide quià ©n espera detenido a que se resuelva su caso o cundo pide fianza, entrega un grillete o da libertad bajo palabra. Los migrantes pueden pedir una vista para fianza ante un juez.En la actualidad, los casos de deportacià ³n que se resuelven en corte migratoria se demoran una media de ocho aà ±os.Los tiempos varà ­an segà ºn la ubicacià ³n de la Corte.  ¿Cules son las causas por las que los migrantes pueden ser detenidos por Inmigracià ³n? Las causas de la detencià ³n dependen del estatus migratorio del migrante. Asà ­, los residentes permanentes legales solo pueden ser detenidos por las autoridades migratorias si comenten ciertas felonà ­as. Por otra parte, otros extranjeros con estatus legal en EE.UU. pueden tener problemas migratorios por cometer delitos o violaciones migratorias. Por à ºltimo, los migrantes indocumentados pueden ser detenidos por delitos o violaciones migratorias o, simplemente, por carecer de estatus migratorio legal en el paà ­s.  ¿Cundo puede detenerse a un migrante y quià ©n? Los migrantes pueden ser detenidos por ICE o por otra autoridad y puestos posteriormente a disposicià ³n de ICE. Por ejemplo, los indocumentados pueden ser detenidos al cruzar ilegalmente la frontera, al presentarse sin papeles en un puesto fronterizo y reclamar asilo, en una inspeccià ³n por ICE de lugares de trabajo, en retenes en carretera a menos de 100 millas de la frontera, en controles en las cortes migratorias, etc. Cabe destacar en este punto que ninguna autoridad puede ingresar en los hogares de un migrante si no tiene una orden de arresto emitida por un juez. Tambià ©n pueden ser detenidos si son arrestados por cualquier autoridad local o estatal por delitos y tambià ©n por faltas, como por ejemplo manejar bajo la influencia del alcohol. Despuà ©s de ese arresto, se le toman las huellas digitales y se comparan con bases de datos federales. En ese momento, Inmigracià ³n puede detectar si la persona arrestada tiene una orden de deportacià ³n pendiente, tiene un I-94 expirado o carece de rà ©cord migratorio, lo cual en el caso de ser extranjero podrà ­a indicar que ingresà ³ al paà ­s ilegalmente Cuando Inmigracià ³n detecta uno de estos casos puede decidir emitir un hold o detainer que significa que la autoridad local o estatal debe retener ese migrante por un plazo mximo de 48 horas y entregarlo a ICE, si ese es el interà ©s de esta agencia. Sin embargo, en las autoridades locales o estatales pueden decidir no cumplir con ese hold. Finalmente, los residentes permanentes legales pueden ser detenidos por ICE al acabar de cumplir una sentencia penal. Trmites inmediatos cuando ICE detiene a un migrante Una vez que un migrante est bajo custodia de ICE, como regla general, esto es lo que sucede: el agente a cargo del caso llena formularios burocrticos de carcter internose llena  un informe que es el equivalente al reporte del arrestose toma la foto del arrestadoy tambià ©n se le toman las huellas digitales A continuacià ³n se comprueban las fotos y las huellas contra dos bases de datos enormes: IAFIS, que es del FBI, e IDENT que es del Departamento de Seguridad  Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En aproximadamente en un par de horas se obtienen los resultados y asà ­ se sabe si la persona arrestada tiene un pasado criminal, de violaciones migratorias, si ha utilizado otro nombre, si est buscado por las autoridades, etc. Sin embargo, ICE no realiza dichos trmites cuando el migrante ya està © identificado. Por ejemplo, cuando est ya en la crcel o cuando se notifica a Inmigracià ³n de que ha sido arrestado o detenido y las autoridades migratorias emiten un detainer o hold. Decisiones de ICE: detenido o en libertad ICE toma dos decisiones que son fundamentales. Por un lado, decide cules son los cargos, es decir, de quà © se le acusa al inmigrante. Por otro lado, ICE decide si deja en libertad al migrante mientras se tramita su caso y si le pide una fianza o establece otro medio de control,  o, por el contrario, debe continuar detenido mientras no se resuelve su situacià ³n. Para decidir si se le deja en libertad o no se tienen en cuenta factores como: el riesgo que el arrestado puede ser para la sociedad. Asà ­, los criminales van a quedar detenidos.el riesgo de que el arrestado se escape o de que no se presente a una cita con las autoridades de inmigracià ³n. ICE suele dejar en libertad a los residentes permanentes legales que han sido detenidos por una accià ³n que no es un delito agravado. Tambià ©n quedan frecuentemente en libertad mientras se tramita su caso las embarazadas y mujeres o familias acompaà ±adas por nià ±os que acaban de cruzar ilegalmente la frontera. Asimismo, los cuidadores principales de una persona que no puede valerse por sà ­ mismas. Y, finalmente, los indocumentados que llevan tiempo viviendo en Estados Unidos pero no tienen rà ©cord criminal ni orden previa de deportacià ³n  y se considera que no son un riesgo de fuga. Por ejemplo, porque tienen hijos que son ciudadanos estadounidenses. El hecho de que frecuentemente esas categorà ­as de personas sean puestas en libertad no quiere decir que las autoridades migratorias està ©n obligadas a hacerlo. En la prctica, hay adems otras consideraciones, como por ejemplo, el nà ºmero de camas disponibles en un determinado momento en los centros de detencià ³n. Cabe destacar que los migrantes pueden ser enviados a centros alejados de su lugar de residencia o del punto por el que ingresaron ilegalmente al paà ­s. Si ICE pone en libertad al migrante mientras se resuelve caso Pueden darse los siguientes supuestos: OR: es decir, se le deja libre hasta que se resuelva el caso siendo suficiente la palabra del inmigrante de que no va a ignorar las citaciones de Inmigracià ³n.   Brazalete o grillete en el tobillo de vigilancia o lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como Alternative to Detention (ATD). En la prctica supone una situacià ³n de arresto domiciliario. Adems, son frecuentes las quejas por incomodidad o heridas que causan en el tobillo. Otras formas de control de que el migrante en libertad con caso pendiente no se desaparece son el uso de telà ©fonos que reconocen la voz o de aplicaciones que realizan reconocimientos faciales. Fianza migratoria: no puede ser inferior a los $1,500 pero puede ser muy superior a esa cantidad. Antes de dejar a una persona libre bajo fianza se mira y mucho si tiene historial criminal. Los extranjeros que no son residentes permanentes legales y que han cometido un delito considerado agravado no pueden beneficiarse de las fianzas. Si no se tiene el dinero para una fianza, es posible acudir a una empresa autorizada para este tipo de asuntos. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que las condiciones pueden ser duras. Frecuentemente exigen que el migrante lleve un grillete con GPS que comunica a la empresa en todo momento donde se encuentra. Los migrantes pueden verse forzados a firmar contratos largos en inglà ©s que no entienden y a pagar una cuota de inicio de contrato, el 20 por ciento del total de la fianza ms $420 al mes por el uso del grillete. Si ICE decide que el migrante debe seguir detenido Todos los migrantes pasan a estar bajo la custodio del ICE en su rama que se conoce como ERO (Office of Enforcement Removal Operations). ERO tiene  centros de detencià ³n repartidos por todo el territorio de los Estados Unidos, si bien la mayorà ­a est en los estados fronterizos con Mà ©xico. Los centros de detencià ³n pueden pertenecer al gobierno federal, a los estados o departamentos policiales locales e, incluso, a empresas privadas.   Los detenidos son distribuidos segà ºn el nà ºmero de espacio disponible en cada centro de detencià ³n  y tambià ©n teniendo en cuenta: si son menores que han llegado sin la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de un adulto y han sido arrestados tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera.se separa hombres de mujeres  y tambià ©n se intenta separar  a los que tienen un pasado criminal de los que no lo tienen La consecuencia de ello es que personas arrestadas, por ejemplo, cruzando ilegalmente en Texas, se las envà ­a a un centro de detencià ³n en Arizona (alejado, pero tambià ©n en la frontera sur) o se les embarca en un vuelo y se les envà ­a a un lugar tan lejano como puede ser Massachusetts. Si estn detenidos podrn realizar una llamada local gratuita a un familiar, abogado o ONG. A continuacià ³n deber pagar por todas las llamadas, para lo cual los familiares pueden enviarle dinero al centro de detencià ³n. En este punto, el migrante que permanece detenido puede solicitar a una vista ante un juez migratorio para que se establezca una fianza para quedar libre mientras se tramita el caso o para pedir una rebaja a la misma, si es que ya ha sido fijada. Cargos que se establecen contra el inmigrante Tanto si el migrante est detenido como si se le ha dejado en libertad, Inmigracià ³n inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n en su contra que puede ser notificado mediante uno de los dos documentos. Por un lado, una carta que se conoce como Notice of Appear (NTA). Se le puede dar al inmigrante en persona o enviarse  por correo. En la carta, adems de establecerse los cargos, se seà ±ala que debe presentarse en una corte de inmigracià ³n en fecha y hora estipulada.   Por otro, un Warrant of Arrest. Este es otro documento en el que se seà ±ala el tipo de acusacià ³n. Es muy comà ºn en los casos de indocumentados agarrados recià ©n ingresando ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Tanto los que estn en libertad como los detenidos se enfrentan a un proceso de remocià ³n, que puede tomar formas distintas. Por ejemplo, deportacià ³n, salida voluntaria, procedimiento de remocià ³n rpido, etc. Va a depender del tipo de cargo, de la forma de llegada al paà ­s y, en este à ºltimo caso, de si tiene mucho tiempo de presencia en Estados Unidos y est asentado y no tiene rà ©cord criminal. El migrante, por su parte, puede estar de acuerdo o intentar ganar el caso solicitando un alivio como puede ser el asilo, VAWA, cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n, etc. En todos los casos, es aconsejable contactar con un buen abogado de migracià ³n porque su intervencià ³n es importante a la hora de incrementar las oportunidades para ganar un caso. Segà ºn un estudio del American Immigration Council, solo un 2 por ciento de los migrantes sin abogado ganan los casos de deportacià ³n. Consejos para comunicarse con un detenido y para obtener la mejor defensa Si se sospecha que una persona extranjera ha sido detenida y est bajo la custodia de las autoridades de inmigracià ³n existe un procedimiento para intentar averiguar su paradero. Si encuentra que est efectivamente recluido en un centro de detencià ³n y est en Texas, se puede buscar informacià ³n sobre detenidos como por ejemplo sobre cà ³mo comunicarse por telà ©fono. Adems es extremadamente importante buscar un abogado migratorio.  Para los migrantes que llevan muchos aà ±os en Estados Unidos, verificar si estn con  proteccià ³n 245(i) para migrantes con peticiones muy antiguas a su favor. Si no se puede pagar, hacer el esfuerzo de encontrar uno que actà ºe pro bono (sin cobrar) o al menos consultar con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes reputada.   En el caso de migrantes mexicanos, desde prisià ³n se puede  marcar gratis al centro de la CIAM.  Entre otros servicios que brindan, el detenido puede solicitar que contacten con sus familiares en los Estados Unidos o Mà ©xico. Deportacià ³n desde los Estados Unidos Si se produce una deportacià ³n, es importante conocer cul  es el castigo, si la intencià ³n del migrante es regresar a Estados Unidos. En algunas ocasiones ser posible solicitar el perdà ³n I-212. Incluso es posible que sea necesario pedir conjuntamente otro perdà ³n ms. En este punto es fundamental estar bien asesorados, ya que hay muchas personas sin escrà ºpulos que asegurar poder arreglar el problema a cambio de una importante cantidad de dinero y al final resulta que todo es un fraude. En todo caso, lo que hay que evitar es ingresar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos despuà ©s de una deportacià ³n porque eso produce una situacià ³n de prohibicià ³n permanente.   Este artà ­culo tiene una finalidad meramente informativa. No es consejo legal.

Progress Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Progress Report - Essay Example In 2008 December, the technology was finalized and made available to the public in 2009. The Samsung SCH-r900 was the first phone to utilize the LTE technology. The information in the sources is very important because it shows how LTE technology has evolved. This is because the LTE technology proved successful in that it offers an uplink of about mbit/s and downlink peak rate of about 300 Mbit/s. The transmission latency is as less as 5ms in the radio access network. Additionally, the engineers of LTE technology looked towards creation of a technology that would provide much faster speeds based on simple network architecture. The engineers also wanted a technology with much lower transfer latency as compared to 3G architecture. This in turn would reduce packet latency, more responsive user experience The IP based system was not effective since it was not compatible with 2G and 3G networks but the LTE technology aimed to address such problems. The LTE technology would introduce flexible radio planning and high spectral efficiency. Verizon wireless firm was the first U.S firm to deploy the LTE technology. The LTE and 4G technologies offer speeds faster than 3G technology; they have ability to share more network resources. However, LTE technology is faster than 4G, which uses Wimax and HSPA+ technologies in data transfer. LTE technology work in an evolved mode in that a device such as Smartphone connects to a 3G station with increased or higher processing power which enables it to transmit and receive data to and from the device over different channels within a spectral band. It is clear that the innovators of the technology found it vital for a connection to be created between the evolved node and evolved packet core (EPC). The EPC processes and sends and receives the data to and from the devices Most people and businesses prefer using LTE technology because it offers a high speed browsing, cloud computing, and fast download of photos,

Destination Singapore scenario Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Destination Singapore scenario - Assignment Example Tourism is a labour intensive industry and expansions in this business will create immense potential for employment in the host country. Though Singapore is small in size, the country has been a hot favourite for tourists and shoppers from across the globe since a long time. The country currently ranks as the third richest nation in the world and though it does not have much in terms of natural resources, due to tourism and other businesses, Singapore has been able to fare quite well in the economic front in the past. However, in order to make the best use of the future prospects, the country has to harness its resources and align its capabilities for improvement and innovation in the travel and tourism industries so that it can sustain the steady economic growth. This paper develops a fictional tourism strategic policy for Singapore on the premise of a situation where the three nearby airports of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Bali are closed down due to natural disasters, which makes th e country the only gateway to other South East Asian countries. It will dwell on various policies that need to be implemented so that the country can optimise its potential as a tourist destination, to cater to the extra demand, over the next five years, in a sustainable manner. Innovations in Singapore Tourism: Strategic Policies and Planning Framework Introduction: Singapore is one of the top ranking economies in Asia Pacific region, with sophisticated infrastructures both in ground and air transport, which rank respectively â€Å"2nd and 14th† as well as a high quality human resources that ranks â€Å"2nd† in the region (Blanke & Chiesa, 2013, p.xxi). In addition, the country ranks as first among all economies for its â€Å"policy environment† that is most supportive with its rules and regulations encouraging travel and tourism industries (p.xxi). Data relating to visiting tourists shows a rising trend with â€Å"11.6 million in 2010 and 13.2 million in 2011 † with revenue earnings of â€Å"S$ 18.9 billion in 2010† and â€Å"$ 22.4 billion† in 2011 (Annual Report of Tourism Statistics, 2012, p.1). Therefore, it transpires that despite the economic down trend across the world, tourism industry in Singapore has been growing in a fast paced manner. The hotel industry in the country also has remained in a strong position over the years with the rates of occupancy up to â€Å"85%† in 2010 and â€Å"86%† in 2011 (Table-34, p.77). Currently, the country has a total of â€Å"154† gazetted hotels with â€Å"40,759† rooms available for letting out (p.83). The land transport system here comprises road and rail services with Express Ways of 161 km, Arterial Roads of 645 km, Collector Roads of 557 km and Local Access Roads of 2,048 km (Singapore Land Transport Statistics as at End of 2011, p.58). In addition, they have Rapid Transit Systems (RTS) with MRT of 146.5 and LRT of 28.8 km, with 97 MRT statio ns and 34 LRT stations, catering to a resident population of 5,184,000 and 13,171,000 visitors (p.58). Air traffic system in the country has accounted for the arrival of â€Å"150,827† aircrafts during the year 2011, carrying 22,778,000 passengers while sea transport has registered the arrival of â€Å"127,998† vessels in 2011 (Year Book of Statistics Singapore, 2012, p.181). This study envisages the development of a new tourism strategic policy and planning framework for Singapore to cater to an extra demand arising from a

Module 04 - Session Long Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 04 - Session Long Project - Essay Example concrete corporate and business-level strategies that would focus on the opportunities and threats that the company faced in the long-run, while utilizing the core strengths of the companies while addressing weaknesses. On marketing strategy. Under CEO Pressler’s tenure, the company had alienated the customers that had patronized its products for the long time. The superhip clothes GAP had produced created a sudden but a weak attempt to change its positioning. While the current profitable market of GAP had been neglected by shifting to a positioning where it was not desired by the market, the company lost focus. The success of GAP as a brand was attributable to the business casual movement in the 1990s. While being an edgier brand did not create a sustainable positioning, the erosion of the business casual movement due to the fall of the dotcoms in the economy eventually led to GAP’s fall. According to Jennifer Popovec in her article â€Å"Hanging by a thread†, the shift of GAP’s positioning to becoming fashion-forward, in its attempt to shift from its â€Å"classic style to the disposable fashion sector† had aggravated the problem. GAP tried to please everyone, as apparent in its advertisements as well as the merchandise that it carried. While the fickleness of the fashion industry had added to GAP’s hardships, losing its focus on its current profitable customers and digressing from its positioning had made the more complex rapid-changing consumer preferences more unfavorable toward the business; much less predictable with CEO Pressler’s marketing research efforts. On Human Resources strategy. CEO Pressler tried to change the long-time corporate culture of GAP which was coined in its corporate mantra â€Å"own it, do it, get it done.† While his intention was good, which was to promote collaboration and teamwork among the company, he made the initially-receptive employees vexed when there was so much more time that was spent on team-building than

Nature of globalization Essay Example for Free

Nature of globalization Essay Globalization is a term used to explain the new era just like we learn about different periods such as stone age. It entails that people around the world are more connected to one another than ever before in terms of †¢ Information flow through sophisticated means unlike in early ages where messengers and drum beating was used for communication. †¢ Money transfers and goods transportation is quicker and efficient all over the world. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are necessarily available in all parts of the world. †¢ International travel is more convenient and faster than ever. (Martin, 2004) All this changes have been as a result of advance in technology, basically the computer. This is what has enabled globalization. Globalization can be found in five different areas; economic, cultural, political, religious and social systems. Globalization therefore, can be understood as the tendency or the process of businesses, technologies or philosophies to spread throughout the world. Nature of globalization Globalization is something that is very new in the world. For the last 30 years, there was no much discoveries in computer technology although there were computers and they were only used in the developed countries. This is why we cannot say there was globalization since globalization simply means making the world a â€Å"global village† in that every information and services are available and accessible to all the people around the globe just as it is in a small village. The idea of globalization has made it possible to harmonize the cultures of people all over the world. That is because people are able to carry out businesses across boundaries without traveling, using different currencies, making instant payment and in developed countries they use a common currency for example the Euro that is used all over Europe and the US dollar that is used by many countries. It is possible therefore, that the whole world will in future be using one common currency. This is what is referred to as economic globalization. According to Sachs (2005) technology in information has made transfer of information and especially educational information to be available across the globe. This is what has brought the idea of e-learning through the Internet. The changes in culture of the people is being felt especially in the African societies which had very stronghold in their traditions but today this has little or no influence on peoples ways of life especially in the young generation, for example changes in sexual inequality. This is as a result of globalization, people copy the lifestyles or cultures of others from the developed countries due to interaction, travels and high speed information transfer. For this same reason people are able to change their religious believes because the gospel has taken a new line, i. e. it is global reaching every corner of the globe. Conclusion When we talk of globalization we definitely have to think about the major participants in this idea. The United States dominates in this global traffic in information and ideas. (www. globalpolicy. org) The American music, movies, television and software’s are so dominant , so sought after by everybody and so visible that they are now available in every corner of the earth, including the developing countries in sub-Sahara Africa. References Raskin. P. T(2002), The Great Transition Boston Tellus Institute p31-42. Alex MacGillirray (2006) A Brief History of Globalization. New York. p122-127. Sachs,T. (2005), The end Poverty New York p 13-23 Martin, W. (2004), why globalization works, New York: Yale University Press, pg 210-235 Global policies, Available from, www. globalpolicy. org (Retrieved December 14, 2007) What is globalization, Available from, www. globalisation101. org (Retrieved December 14, 2007)

Gene Therapy and Its Effect on Cancer Essay -- Science Genetics Techno

Gene Therapy and Its Effect on Cancer The era of scientific advancement in the twentieth century has encouraged several scientific fields to merge into a new, futuristic science called Biotechnology. One idea behind Biotechnical science is taking advantage of molecular biology. At the forefront of this advancement is gene therapy which " attempts to treat disease at its origin on the molecular level"(Kreeger,1996). "Essentially, this therapy deliberately introduces genes into the human cells to compensate for aberrant genes that cause genetic disease" (Beese, 1996). This therapy can be administered in two ways. One is germ-line therapy which not only treats the cells of that individual but these treated cells could be passed onto the individual's offspring. This type is the focus of much of the opposition of gene therapy itself because trials take many years and few results have proved conclusively safe for those treated and their children. The other type of therapy less opposed is the somatic cell approach that only aff ects the cells of the individual being treated. Cancer has recently been the target for several different types of somatic cell therapy and along with them come a set of controversial aspects that question its role in society. Cancer is an ever- increasing disease that affects all ages, sex and race. It has no preference for where it resides as it can be found in several organs and on several different tissues. However, one special similarity appears whether the cancer is found on the breast or in the colon; it is an over growth of cells in the area infected. The cancer seem to arise from abnormalities in genes involved in growth and differentiation of cells. Certainly, environmental factors can indeed c... ....jp/~macer/Papers/PLSUBG.html March of Dimes. Genetic Testing and Gene Therapy. Obtained from WWW 9/9/96: http://noah.cuny.edu/pregnancy/march_of_dimes/genetics/genetest.html National Cancer Institute. Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy. Obtained from WWW 9/9/96: gopher://gopher.nih.gov:70/00/clin/cancernet/facts/therapy/Immunotherapy%20and%20Gene%20Therapy%20of%20Cancer National Medical Center. Gene Therapy. Obtained from WWW 10/4/96: http://www.cityofhope.org/frames/genetr.htm Scientist,the. Pioneer James Wilson Reflects. Obtained from WWW 9/9/96: http://www.the-scientist.library.upenn.edu/yr1996/jan/gene_960122.html Singer, M. The RAS Gene and Cancer. Obatained from WWW 10/14/96: http://www.gene.com/ae/AB/IWT/Ras_Gene_and_Cancer.html Wanke, I. Gene Therapy for Diabetes. Obtained from WWW 9/9/96: http://www.worldweb.com/ahfmr/may/diabetes.html

Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and David’s The Oath of the Horati

Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and David’s The Oath of the Horatii Rousseau’s view on the relationship between the individual and the state and David’s painting ‘The Oath of the Horatii’ are two different genres with the same views, having French Revolution as the connecting factor. David’s painting is not done for art sake but rather an art for the people sake. His painting does not include only aesthetic purposes but includes with ulterior motives. David has a preconceive notion in his mind and has decided to give a pictorial representation of the preconceived notion and exploits all his techniques to ensure what is in his mind. It is because of Rousseau’s impact of philosophy that David was able to use his medium of painting to achieve his purpose. In ‘The Oath of Horatii’, Rousseau’s impact on David is expressed very well in the David’s neoclassical style which is characterized by clarity of line, logical and balanced composition, restrained facial expression, bold effects of light and a minimum of distracting detail. It is very apt for David’s purposes since the style enhances and highlights David’s purposes in conveying his political messages. The Horatii were chosen as champions of ancient Rome (Audio-Visual Notes 2001) and the legitimacy of being chosen as champions suggests the power of the state. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a person or institution has authority if they are able to command others to do things. That authority is legitimate only if the person, or institution, possesses the right to command others. To be legitimate, the authority the state has over the people must come from the people themselves, and not from a single entity such as the king. Power that comes from such sources is usually referred to as naked power. In such a scenario, we cannot totally agree that the Horatii were comfortable with the title as champions. They might be indulged to obey the state because they ought to, or because they are afraid of the consequences. In contrast, they might be honoured to be chosen as champions of Rome and this title might influence them into offering their lives on behalf of the country. On the viewer’s left, a third of the vertical space is dedicated to three men, Horatii, who are sons to the man, Horatius. The lights flood across the scene onto the viewer’s right side, illuminating the main characters and presenting th... ...r heads are facing down with eyes closed with their backs slouching. These choices of colours, postures and gestures suggest that David wants to create the solemn ambience within the female figures and the contradiction of their particular will against the general will of the state. In Rousseau’s view, particular will is concerned with an individual’s advantage. The ladies may be convinced by their three brothers and their father to think that their particular will is the product of appetite while general will is the product of reason. Since a person acting on his appetite is slavish and bad, while a person acting on reason is noble and good, they should therefore obey the general will and allow their brothers to fight; even to the extent of having duels with their own family members. With the cross referencing between Rousseau’s views and David’s painting â€Å"The Oath of the Horatii† that has been presented, we can conclude that it is because of Rousseau’s impact of philosophy that David was able to use his medium of painting to achieve his purpose and this is evident through the pictorial representation in conveying particular will and the general will of â€Å"The Oath of the Horatii†.